Drunkard Hard Drinking Life By Neil Steinberg - 1539 Words

The book I read for this assignment was Drunkard: Hard Drinking Life, by Neil Steinberg. This book really surprised me in the way it lays out Steinberg’s journey facing his alcohol addiction. It takes a lot of courage for someone to admit that he or she has a substance abuse problem yet alone publish a book about it. Steinberg gives us in depth looks into his personal life, career, and thought process. It is also captivating to see a successful writer with a family and great career battle alcohol use. Steinberg from an outside perspective is your typical middle to upper class columnist working for a reputable newspaper. He lives in a nice house with his wife and two boys. It is the American dream to be able to live in a nice house, have a family, and work your dream job. He commutes to work on a train into the city which is filled with bars, fancy restaurants, and liquor stores. At first he has a few drinks after work, which seems normal. He is just waiting for the train to ar rive and then has a few more on the train. That doesn’t really raise any red flags at first. It just seems like a normal career orientated guy having a few drinks after work. Then as the drinking starts it doesn’t stop with just a few drinks. It continues with him drinking out of hidden bottles in his office at home. The drinking didn’t affect his work but it was starting to affect his relationship with his wife. The relationship between Steinberg and his wife at first seemed healthy, just a like a

Graduation Speech On The Field Of Education Without Being...

In any society, a family is the corner stone of that society and the more efficient involvement it has in the society’s life the better and more hopeful results they will have. Although, most families in real-life work hard to provide and afford the best for their children and subordinates, sometimes life shocks them back with unexpected unhappy circumstances, and these circumstances will probably last forever if not treated well. Furthermore, families may fail to be happy in a certain circumstance. This situation occurs when this family has a member on its board with special needs. However, the problem is not having a person with special needs, but actually not to be able to deal with that special need kid properly. Researches have reached to the conclusion that teachers enter in the field of education without being prepared for working in partnership with parents (Epstein, 2001; Hiatt Michael, 2001). Therefore, future teachers enroll in education with inappropriate backgrou nd how to properly initiate a proper relationship with parents, thus build bridges for after school communication. Special education is a new field in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and people in general lack to the knowledge how to express their feelings toward special-needs kids; how to deal with them; and how much involvement is required between the families of the children with special needs and specialists and schools. As a result, Saudi families with special needs kids are facing tremendousShow MoreRelatedThe True Essence Of Being Great Essay6020 Words   |  25 Pagescom I. INTRODUCTION The true essence of being great is to be the servant of all, as what Jesus shared with his disciples in the story of the parable of the labourers in the vineyard and I quote: Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and give His life a ransom for many. (Matthew 20:28). 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Attractions of the Village to the Tourists-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Are the Differences between Village City Visit? Answer: Introducation: The aim of the report was to answer three questions; One is why people want to visit a village? The second question was what are the attractions of the village to the tourists? Lastly, how much of each of the item is spent a day? A cross-sectional survey research lasting for 15 minutes was carried out on people who travel to village. Both qualitative and quantitative data was obtained. Questionnaires in form of electronic and copies were used to collect data and online questionnaires were filled by a sample of people who had been selected through probability sampling. It was found out from the research that people liked to visit villages because of the good village atmosphere ("Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Atmosphere in 2016", 2017). Another reason was found to be to escape the city. People go to village to escape from the city. The third reason to explain this is that the special village scenery and environment i.e. local history and heritage building attracted tourists to the vi llage. Answers to the second research question were also found. Three things were found t be the centre of attraction to people to the village, first is the good shopping experience in the village (Zarb, 2012). That is, the sales staff have good attitude that attracts tourists. On rating these factors of attraction, the first one that mostly attracted people to the village was the attitude of the sales staff followed by the neatness and cleanliness shops found in the village. There were also some specific items that a village needed to have in order to be attracting people to the village; the first requirement was availability of easy park and the second item is preserved heritage buildings. There were also findings on the amount item spent per day. The mostly spent ones were food shops and the most expensive items were found out to be food and drinks. People spent about 1227.3 dollars a day on these items. Limitations on the research were note. The first one is that people answered the questions on the questionnaire not on basis of their true natural feelings but on basis of what they believed to be more socially favorable. Their answers were based on societal judgment rather than individual feelings and thinking. The findings could not be equal and fairly true because may be the questions were answered by people from different races and culture that made the answers and feedback vary from an individual to another depending on the race and culture of the respondent (Glerce, 2015) Another alteration of the research could be caused by external factors that could not be controlled neither by the researcher nor the respondent. Time was also found to be a limitation in that if at the time the research is carried out the respondent has personal duties pending, he or she would fill the questionnaire carelessly and faster to create time for personal duties hence uncertainty arises concerning the answers given. The final limiting factor found was ethics. Ethics in res earch dictate that some questions should not be asked as they may mentally harm the respondent and therefore creates a gap on some information (Borrett, Sampson, Cavoukian, 2016). In conclusion, it was found that there are many positive factors whether basic needs, recreational facilities and cultural heritage that is in the village and is not be found in the urban areas. The uniqueness of the village from its scenery, food to people are the main factors that attract visitors to the village, Recommendations are made on how the limitations of the research can be addressed. The implications point out the resources fund in the villages that are not found in urban areas. ("Hygiene in food shops.", 1970) Conclusions The research carried out with an aim of finding out why people liked going o the village and the factors that attracted them tried to bring the distinction between life in town and the village. The findings portrays life in town and the village as two separate worlds and the village coming out as that section of the world that is still calm, organized and there is much embrace of culture and heritage. The first implication from the study shows that most people who visit the village try to find the calm atmosphere and simplicity found in the village unlike in the town where life is ever busy and complicated by many factors. The atmosphere in the village is calm and relaxed hence preferred by the people from urban areas. The second implication is that as much as people have moved to the urban areas ,they still value culture and their heritage and that is the reason as to why they travel to the village to enjoy the special scenery there brought about by local history and heritage buildi ngs .This attract tourists from different backgrounds and races. Another implication of the research is that people in the village are much friendly and caring more than people in the towns where people are busy minding their own businesses. The villagers have a welcoming attitude that attract tourists who prefer going shopping in the villages (Fu, 2008) .On rating the factors that attract the visitors the villages, attitude of sales staff remains to be the most considered factor. This implies that customer care in business matters a lot. The way customers are handled and attended t determines their level of satisfaction and their next visit to the shop. The second factor is neatness and how clean the shops are. In the village, shops are clean thus attract people who mind and value hygiene in shopping premises .Another implications that people prefer to go shopping in a place with ample parking for instance in the villages unlike in towns where there is much congestion due to high p opulation .There is an implication also that most visited places are the shops that sell food and much money is spent on food. This implies that food attracts people to a particular locality apart from other factors like good scenery. Limitations of the study lead to recommendations for future studies. The first limitation being answers given not from a personal perspective but societal view can be avoided by giving out the questionnaires to be filled anonymously gives the respondent the opportunity to express her or himself naturally because of the hidden identity. The uncertainty on the results can be avoided by not generalizing the findings on all people but it should be contextual. That is being specific to a particular culture and race. Time limit can be avoided by visiting the respondents when they are not busy to ensure that they answer the questions while their minds are fully present there. The overall implication o the whole research tries to point out that if action is no t taken; all revenue from tourism may end up being taken to the villages leaving the urban areas undeveloped since here is nothing much that attracts visitors. Therefore, if urban areas need to enjoy the same tourist visits as the village, it should use the above competitive advantages of the village to elevate the city References Zarb, J. (2012). TOURIST SHOPPING VILLAGES: Forms and Functions. Annals Of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1733-1735. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.05.018 Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Atmosphere in 2016. (2017). Atmosphere, 8(1), 8. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos8010008 Fu, D. (2008). Village people, village music and the theoretical significance of the concept that poetry can harmonize people. Frontiers Of Literary Studies In China, 2(3), 321-348. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11702-008-0013- Glerce, A. (2015). The has emerged. Seeking culture and psychology for Culture Psychology. Culture Psychology, 21(4), 455-468. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x15615800 Borrett, D., Sampson, H., Cavoukian, A. (2016). Research ethics by design: A collaborative research design proposal. Research Ethics, 174701611667313. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747016116673135 Hygiene in food shops. (1970). BMJ, 4(5731), 319-320. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.4.5731.319 Guo, Z. (2013). Home parking convenience, household car usage, and implications to residential parking policies. Transport Policy, 29, 97-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.04.005

Ratio Analysis Sportswear Manufacturing Company

Question: Discuss about the Ratio Analysis Sportswear Manufacturing Company. Answer: This report is based on audited consolidated statements financial that have been released about the company as at 30 June 2015. Billabong International Limited has branches in other continents including Asia and America and as such the groups consolidated financial statement must factor in currency valuation in the various countries. The financial performance of the group includes but not limited to fair value adjustment charges and other contingent considerations. The group managed to post a net profit after tax of $ 4.2 million for the full financial year ending 30 June 2015. This is a turnaround compared to a loss of $ 233.6 million that was posted in the PCP previous corresponding period. The results show that the global revenue for the group was up by 2.6 % compared to the previous corresponding period. This was reported to be $ 1.05 billion on the financial year ending 30 June 2015. The positive results is as a result of constant growth in the United states wholesale market which grew by 13.1% on a constant currency basis. In Europe the earnings before interest and tax was up $7.0 million from $5.6 million hence we can see the reason for sales. In Asia pacific earnings before interest and tax dropped by $4.1 million which was impacted by retail and currency which affected input prices. The profitability of a company A company is profitable if it generates enough profit or benefit, that is, when its income is more than its expenses, and the difference between them is acceptable. But it is necessary to do an evaluation of the company's profitability so that we can evaluate the relationship between its profits and the investment or resources it has used to obtain them.And to find this profitability, use is made of indicators, indexes, ratios or reasons of profitability, of which the main ones are the following (Beyersdorff, 2014) The profitability of a company can be measured by ROA.The Return on Asset Index (ROA) is used to calculate a companys profitability over its assets. The efficiency of a company to generate profits using its assets is given by the Return on Asset ratio. ROA = (net income / Assets) x 100 ratio formulae 2015 000 2014 000 Return on assets Net income/total assets 2552/803980=0.32% (239933)/751866=32% Return on Equity Net income/shareholders equity 2552/281584=0.91% (239933)/259039=-92.6% Net profit margin Net profir/revenue*100% 863/1056130*100%= 0.08% (238150)/1027478*100%= =0 Gross profit margin Gross profit/revenue8100% 2552/1056130*100%= 0.24% (233712)/1027478*100%= =0 Analysis of the results Billabong international Ltd is surely struggling. The return on assets or equity ratio is an indication on whether or not the company is making enough profits (Bull, 2005). The companys financial statements indicated that it has been on bear run , and had posted losses from 2013 and year 2014. This explains much why the return on assets ratio and return on equity ratios are way below the recommended figure for a healthy company. The shareholders of this company should be a worried lot since in normal circumstances they cannot expect dividend pay out in the near future (Bull, 2005). Gross p[rofit and net profit ratios indicate that the company has not been doing very well and has not reached the recommended ration in terms of profit margins. The liquidity ratio shows what state your company is in order to pay off short-term debt. It basically serves to determine the economic strength of the enterprise and to evaluate the distribution of the resources with which it accounts (Bull, 2008). It is an accounting criterion that will be very useful to detect eventual problems in the evolution of your business, regardless of the sector in which you act. There are activities in which we work with a lot of liquidity (since the collections and payments are made very short term) while in other companies the terms are longer (Diamond, Stice, Stice, 2000). Thus, although the formula is always the same - a relationship between current assets and liabilities -, the result of the equation will have a different meaning depending on the case, there is no standard value. The liquidity ratio is also known as "liquidity ratio," "available asset ratio" and "cash flow" (Bull, 2008). Interpreting the result In general terms, the closer to 1 is the result of that equation, the better off your company will be to honor short-term commitments even without relying on sales.The further from 1 down, the more problems you will have, because that means you do not have the resources to honor those commitments.But attention, if the result is much higher than 1, this can indicate a low profitability of resources, as it shows the existence of unused assets for the activity (Elliott Elliott, 2005).. Some financial experts indicate as adequate a ratio close to 0.3, but it is a value to be taken with caution, because it will be different according to the entity, sector to which it belongs, dimension, etc. Therefore, it should be analyzed together with other ratios and if possible with the budgets of the company (Fridson Alvarez, 2002). Consider periodically carrying out this calculation of liquidity ratio to evaluate the financial health of your venture so that you can move more safely along the ro ad to success. Ratio Formulae 2015 000 2014 000 Current ratio Current assets/current liabilities 523753/239045=2.19 times 495801/225671=2.19 times Quick ratio (cash+cash equivalent+short term investments+current receivables)/current liabilities (153334+7202)/239045= 0.67 times (145070+10275)/225671= 0.68times Interpreting the results For this case, the company has a current ratio of 2.19 in 2015 which is the same as that of the year 2014. This indicates that the company is in a position to honor its short term liabilities. The recommended ideal ratio for a company to manage its current liabilities in a better way is 2 hence Billabong has managed to control its current assets and liabilities to the level that is recommended (Harrison Horngren, 2001). On the other hand, the quick ratio that is at 0.72 in the year 2014 and 0.77 in the year 2015 portrays a picture that the company could be struggling to honor its short term debt. The rate recommended for this type of ratio is 1, and hence the company could do much better. This analysis completes the impact assessment since it allows to know: If the impact was achieved (effectiveness), If the impact generated justifies the cost of the action (efficiency), Whether there can be more effective and efficient alternatives to achieve the same impact. Efficiency ratios are used to determine whether the companys asdsets can manage the liabilities of the company (Harrison Horngren, 2001).The effectiveness of an action is given by the degree to which the expected objectives in its design were fulfilled. Usually a form of planning is used as the logical framework, in which the hierarchy of objectives is established: general, immediate, specific, goals and activities For each of the objectives envisaged, the effectiveness of the action being evaluated is analyzed, obtaining a general index of effectiveness through a weighting59 of each of the indexes by evaluated objective (Hove, 2006). The impact during the four years of operation is different and in the fourth year, it is zero. It is possible that there have been other training actions and that other companies have developed and competences to achieve better results (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, n.d.). Ratio Formulae 2015 000 2014 000 Inventory turnover Cost of goods sold/average inventory 495308/(180222+187125)/2 =0.81 491040/(179662+180222)/2 =2.73 Fixed asset turn over Sales turnover/average fixed asset 1137367/(256065+280227)/2 =4.2 1356946/(202103+256065)/2 =5.92 Creditors turnover Net recivable sales/average sales net receivable*100 207185/(207185/365)*100 =365 185687/(167890/365)*100 =508 Analysis of results The inventory turnover shows that the company has not been managing its inventory well. As indicated in the ratios in 2014, inventory turn over was 2.73 which reduced to 0.81 in 2015. This shows that the company is not managing its assets well enough to generate revenue. This also can be said of the fixed asset turnover ratio, Billabong is not maximizing its fixed assets well enough to generate revenue (Libby, Libby, Short, 2004). The practical interpretation of this result is that for each peso that the company must pay no later than a year, in its short-term asset, discounted inventories, has 70 cents. That is to say, in immediate terms the business no longer looks as good as the solvency ration suggests: it has little liquidity and could (although not necessarily, as it would have to analyze its case more thoroughly) to have problems to pay its debts (Melville, 2011) . On the other hand, too high liquidity is not necessarily good because it would indicate that the company is not investing in the generation of the product or service it offers. It maintains resources available but these practically do not generate yields. It measures the ability of the company to generate profits based on the invested resources. And it is calculated as follows:Ebitda is an indicator of what a business is gaining or losing through its core business, by eliminating distortions brought about by financial and accounting deci sions. It is obtained from the income statement and serves to measure the profitability, however not the cash flow.. It does not factor in the cost to fund working capital and old equipment replacement ( and this may be significant).Its calculation is made by adding again the depreciation and amortization to the operating profit, which is the profit that a company has to operate. Depreciation and amortization is a reserve that reduces the taxable tax base and represents the annual decline in the value of certain assets such as real estate, computers and patents (Weygandt, Kieso, Kimmel, 2003). In order to obtain operating income, which represents the tax base of the Treasury, depreciation and amorti zation, as well as expenses that include salaries and commissions of sales agents, are subtracted from gross profit; publicity and promotion; Per diems; Executive salaries, payroll and office expenses Gearing ratios Financial leverage is simply using debt as a means to finance a certain project. As simple as that may sound there are ratios for measuring the leverage of a company. That is, instead of carrying out its operations and projects with own funds, it will be done with the companys funds and or credit. The advantage it is possible to multiply profitability and the main disadvantage is that the projects being financed or operations do not go well it may end up being insolvent (Wild, Bernstein, Subramanyam, 2001). This huge data load can be overwhelming. Fortunately, there are many well-proven relationships that ensure that the task a little less daunting. Analyzing comparative relationships ( i.e from one year to another) enables to quantify and identify the company's weaknesses as well as stregnths, assess the financial position, and comprehend the risks you are taking. As with any other form of financial statement analysis, These comparative techniques are not definitive and their results should not be taken as an absolute truth. Many factors that are not on the balance sheet can be decisive in the failure or success of a company. However, when combined with other evaluation processes, comparative relationships are invaluable. This text includes descriptions and analysis of Billabong International Ltd and the eight most important types of relationships used in financial analysis: profitability, working capital, income, liquidity, long-term analysis, leverage,hedging and bankruptcy. We understand by financial leverage, or leverage effect, the use of debt to increase the profitability of own capital. It is the measure of the relationship between debt and profitability. When the cost of debt (interest rate) is lower than the yield offered by the investment, it is advisable to finance it from outside resources. In this way, the excess yield on the interest rate implies a higher return on own funds. Ratio Formulae 2015 000 2014 000 Debt to equity ratio (Long term debt+short term debt+bank overdraft)/shareholders equity (239045+283351)/281584 =1.86 (225671+267159+0)/259036 =1.9 Earnings to equity ratio Earnings before interest and tax/interest payable 2552/0 239933/(962012) = Investment ratios Ratio Formulae 2015 000 2014 000 Price/earnings ratio Stock price per share/earnings per share 0.59/0.09 =6.55 0.5/-0.09 =-5.55 Earnings per share Earnings/ no. of shares 0.5 (24.0) Dividend per share Dividend /no. of share 0 0 The stock is doing badly as can be seen above. The company has not given out dividends for the year ending 30 june 2014 and 2015. This is because it posted losses in 2014 and the profits that was registered in 2015 was to be ploughed back into the business. Conclusion The group has been facing financial challenges as shown by the ratios.One of the findingsis that the companys earnings have sometimes been affected by lack of appeal in the market for its products. This might be due to loss of image in the groups brand that made the company to register a loss in two years consecutively from 2013 to 2014. The company is trying to make a turn around and hence it has posted a profit of $2 million in 2015. However, this kind of profit is not enough to pay share shareholders dividends. The financial performance of billabong group is affected by among other factors interest rates, macro economic conditions, consumer sentiment , inflation , foreign currency exchange among others. There was an economic down turn in Europe as the dollar strengthened against the Euros. Billabong receives its revenues in more than ten currencies. Therefore when other currencies have fluctuated, then they will affect the overall performance of the group. This explains why the group has been experiencing dwindling income over the last few years. When the groups assets, profits and liabilities are denominated in other currencies then the profits might appear to be lesser than they are. Secondly, the groups products do not have the market appeal in the face of stiff competition from the superior sports gear companies. This explains why the group has all its ratios below the required threshold. Loss of market appeal to the image or the groups brand positioning is key to its turnaround strategy. Recommendations First, the company should seek to reduce the cost of production which consequently increases the profits. One of the ways of reducing production cost is through outsourcing of materials and labor from cheaper countries. This strategy should be the starting point of its turn around. Secondly, Billabong should consider hedging to mitigate the risk of currency fluctuation that is in turn affecting the results of the company. Hedging makes the makers of financial statement to exactly know the value of the currencies. Thirdly, the companys management should seek to improve efficiency in production References Beyersdorff, M. (2014). International GAAP 2014. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. Bull, R. (2005). Financial ratios. London: Spiro Press. Bull, R. (2008). Financial ratios. Oxford: CIMA. Diamond, M., Stice, E., Stice, J. (2000). Financial accounting. [Cincinnati, OH]: Southwestern College Pub. Elliott, B. Elliott, J. (2005). Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall/Financial Times. Fridson, M. Alvarez, F. (2002). Financial statement analysis. New York: John Wiley Sons. Harrison, W. Horngren, C. (2001). Financial accounting. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Harrison, W. Horngren, C. (2001). Financial accounting. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hove, M. (2006). Consolidated financial statements. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta Academic. Kieso, D., Weygandt, J., Warfield, T. Intermediate accounting. Libby, R., Libby, P., Short, D. (2004). Financial accounting. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, A. (2011). International financial reporting. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Robinson, T. (2009). International financial statement analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Tan, L. (2011). Consolidated financial statements. Singapore: CCH Asia. Temple, P. (2002). Magic numbers. Singapore: Wiley. Temte, A. (2004). Financial statement analysis. La Cross, WI: Schweser Study Program. Warren, C., Reeve, J., Fess, P. (2002). Financial managerial accounting. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western. Weygandt, J., Kieso, D., Kimmel, P. (2003). Financial accounting. New York, NY: Wiley. Wild, J., Bernstein, L., Subramanyam, K. (2001). Financial statement analysis. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill. Wink, G. Corradino, L. (2011). Intermediate accounting demystified. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Short Story and Pride Essay Example

Short Story and Pride Essay Pride is a wonderful thing, but too much pride may blind someone to the inevitable future they create. Pride is great it gives people self confidence and makes them happy. The more pride someone has the more they accept themselves. Excessive pride can leave people to poor choices that cannot be reversed. In the short story The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunate is a prideful man with a great life; however, he lets his pride blind him to his inevitable faith. Fortunate prided himself a little too much on his connoisseurship of wine believing himself the best. (209) Mentors having much pride in himself as well ought revenge on Fortunate for insulting him, and uses Fortunate pride against him by threatening to use another wine tester. Fortunate falls for this trick by letting pride overcome himself. In the short story The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst brothers pride gets in the way of his caring for his little brother. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Story and Pride specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Short Story and Pride specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Short Story and Pride specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The narrator gets a new brother, but he is not all there. Hes ashamed at first but his pride leads him to love his brother. Then the narrators pride leads him to teach his brother doodle to walk. He then believes he can teach him to do everything. But then a terrible fate happens to the narrators rather, which concludes pride is a terrible, wonderful thing that bears two vines, life and death. The narrators pride blinds him of the fact that doodle is not running as fast and that he has over worked him. Pride is great until someone lets it blind them. Fortunate lets it blind him and is trapped deep in the wine cellar and dies. Brother lets his pride blind him to the over working of doodle and finds him deceased. Pride is great it will make you happy. It will make you accept yourself. Pride will also lead you down an irreversible path of life and death, and will ultimately decide your faith.

Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Essays

Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Essays Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Paper Poetry- She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron) Paper Essay Topic: Poetry key themes the unobtainable/ideal/light and dark She Walks in Beauty published 1815, written to be set to music, supposedly about cousins wife, presence at a funeral- darkness does not detract from her beauty but accentuates it She walks in beauty: Structure, meter, significance 3 regular ABABAB sestets, iambic tetrameter, effortless as the recipients effortless grace and beauty significance of meter meter commonly found in hymns- associated with sincerity and simplicity- pure intentions She Walks in Beauty opens she walks in beauty, like the night/Of cloudless climes and starry skies;And all thats best of dark and bright/Meet in her aspect and her eyes Parallelism One shade the more, one ray the less,/Had half impaired the nameless grace/Which waves in every raven tress exterior expression are in line with her interior thoughts Where thoughts serenely sweet express

Research a current issue in relation to the topic Assignment

Research a current issue in relation to the topic - Assignment Example this reason, the paper will dwell on the solution and the effects of the lack of legal privilege towards the male and female along with recognizing the prevailing stereotype of the issue on hand. It has been proven that college students who encountered abuse are more comfortable in dealing with their experience with their peers rather than with professionals. In this manner, it is more acceptable to these students to deal with their experience with an informal conversation with their peers (Balk 179). According to the report written by Caroline Kitchener, she cited that it has been reported that most of the universities in the United States are already offering â€Å"peer-to-peer sexual assault counselling programme.† This programme is beneficial for students, as well as for the institution. However, most of these undergraduate peer counsellors receive at most 24 hours training. This is supported by the study of Salovey and D’Andrea (264) that shows most of the peer counsellors receive inadequate training materials and programs prior to being peer counsellors. The interview of the peer counsellors suggested that there was inappropriate and synchronized training model for the peer counsellors. The problem with this inadequate training is that the peer counsellors do not have the legal privilege to make their conversations with the involved individuals confidential. Therefore, the university peer counsellors must undergo trainings which are approved by the state in order for them to practice legal privilege in terms of confidentiality. Legal privilege is given to them in order to protect the involved individuals when forced to disclose their conversations (Anderson). The lack of assurance that the conversation between the peer counsellor and the involved individual often times restricts the involved individual in being honest with the counsellor. For both men and women, they will be hesitant in sharing their vulnerable and fragile moments and feelings towards the

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 57

Case study - Essay Example This needs a consent and disclosure form that should be separate from all job application form. The list of present and past addresses is the foundation for a systematic background check. Knowing where the person has lived is crucial for deciding where to search for criminal records and looking for time gaps as well, and mismatches of location compared to the information given by the applicant. An individual’s social security number (SSN) gets  given between their first job (victor, 2010). Hence, an SSN validation one can know if the applicant has a particular SSN one gave or the applicant is lying. The best searches for criminal background get carried out at person counties since there is no centralized entity to control every criminal record. One of the reason is the likelihood of getting criminal record is high in an individual’s present county residence because several crimes take place near their work or home. County searches are useful since misdemeanors and felonies normally get prosecuted at county courts court, and their results may not be reported to the state. Victor (2010) states, Background checks should get offered before employment. This is due to the sensitivity of the information in the applicant reports and particular records. To avoid getting information that would discriminate against the applicant, they are free to know where the origin of information used against them. Also, they should consent before the employer obtains a credit report. How to carry out background checks online: research and choose a company to conduct background checks on the applicants. Register for the website. Then request background checks. Once one clears registration, start requesting for background checks from the company by putting pertinent data for the applicant as prompted (Victor, 2010). It is risky since one

Analysis of Early Roman civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis of Early Roman civilization - Assignment Example For instance, the practicality of the Roman civilization is evident from the many roads they built as well as their strong belief in faith and patriotism(Forsythe, 30). Besides, early Roman civilization stressed on morals and characters and held women in high regards unlike other civilizations like the Greek. Education was still information with the focus on teaching children about Roman religion and ideas. Early forms of education included memorization of the Roman’s Twelve Tables (Forsythe, 32). Home education would also account for civilization of early Rome as the emperor built schools because it was expanding. Education during early Roman civilization was practical based, and this explains the Romans tremendous contribution in engineering and law. Conversely, early civilization ideologies planted a bad culture of spectatorship among the Romans as they focused more on professionalism. The civilization bred a materialistic culture where Romans focused more on wealth acquisition and luxury living. However, it is the luxurious nature of the civilization that would mark the decline of the emperor because barbaric groups gathered with intention of getting the rich life of the emperor without fighting invaders (Forsythe,

Optically Active Polymers

Optically Active Polymers Optically active polymers play very important role in our modern society. The speciality of optically active polymers are known with its various characteristics as occurred naturally in mimicry. The present review describes the monomers and synthesis of optically active polymers from its helicity, internal compounds nature, dendronization, copolymerization, side chromophoric groups, chiral, metal complex and stereo-specific behaviour. The various properties like nonlinear optical properties of azo-polymers, thermal analysis, chiroptical properties, vapochromic behaviour, absorption and emission properties, thermosensitivity, chiral separation, fabrication and photochromic property are explained with details. This review is expected to be of interesting and useful to the researchers and industry personnel who are actively engaged in research on optically active polymers for versatile applications. Optically active materials are those which can able to rotate the plane of polarization of a beam of transmitted plane-polarized light containing unequal amounts of corresponding enantiomers. The optical activity originates from the presence of chiral elements in a polymer such as chiral centres or chiral axes due to long-range conformational order in a macromolecule. In fact, most naturally occurring macromolecules possess the ability to organize to more complex high structure rather than single one and manifest their functions. Optically active polymers are related to problems of the charged and reactive polymers, since optical activity is an inherent property of both natural macromolecules as well as a great variety of polymers synthesized. Chiral compounds are optically active and essential for life such as proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, etc. and chirality is most important for existence. About 97% drugs are formed from natural sources, 2% are recemates and only 1% is achiral, in looking of chirality of nearly 800 drugs. Optically active polymers today have also become of great interest and thus play an important role in molecular arrangement and assembly, which is critical for optoelectronics super molecular structure [1-4]. The synthetic optically active polymers may also play important role like mimicry of naturally occurring polymers and that’s why the extensive studies are required on their synthesis, conformations and properties. Various kinds of optically active polymers e.g., fro m its helicity, internal compounds nature, dendronization, copolymerization, side chromophoric groups, chiral, metal complex and stereo-specific behaviour are reported, however, those are not placed in a systematic manner. In the present review an effort has been made to collect most of those works in one place for better understanding in the subject with detailed explanation of properties like nonlinear optical properties of azo-polymers, thermal analysis, chiroptical properties, vapochromic behaviour, absorption and emission properties, thermosensitivity, chiral separation, fabrication and photochromism. -Classification of optically active polymers Optically active polymers are divided into three types: Biopolymers as obtained from nature. Polymers prepared by almost completely isotactic polymerization by modification of naturally occurring polymer backbones such as polysaccharides. Synthetic polymers as per the requirement with proper tailoring of functional groups. -Speciality of optically active polymer Optical properties of polymers are not so different of other substances, excepting those characteristics related to the chain dimension and structure or conformational changes. Optically active polymers have found interesting applications because of their specific properties. The optical properties of these materials lie at the basis of many applications, for example in chromatographic methods for enantiomeric separations or creating complex optical devices. The dispersion of the specific rotation offers information regarding the conformational changes or Cotton effect. Optically active polymers characteristics as follows: Optically active polymers with configurational chirality: the optical activity is given by the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom in the backbone or in the side chain of the monomer; Optically active polymers with conformational chirality: the optical activity is related to the conformational changes; Optically active polymers with both configurational and conformational chirality: the optical activity is given by macromolecular asymmetry and by the presence of the asymmetrical centers. -Monomers of optically active polymers Some biological polymers are composed of a variety of different but structurally related monomer residues; for example, polynucleotides such as DNA are composed of a variety of nucleotide subunits. The solid-state structures of polystyrene – poly(Z-L-lysine) block copolymers were examined with respect to the polymer architecture and the secondary structure of the polypeptide using circular dichroism, quantitative small and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and electron microscopy [5]. Synthesis of optically active polymers The optically active compounds are synthesized by highly efficient methodologies and catalysts. The various synthetic approaches for optically active polymers are described below: Helical polymer: Helicity is one of the subtlest aspects of polymer chain where the polymer chain spiral structure along the chain axis acts like a spring. Helical polymers are frequently occurring in nature in single, double or triple helices form in genes, proteins, DNA, collagen, enzymes, and polypeptides. The helical conformations increase the stability of the natural polypeptides. Preparation of artificial helical polymers is a great challenge to the researchers. So far, only limited success has been achieved in constructing microscale particles using helical polymers, despite the great number of analogous microparticles created from vinyl polymers and even from other conjugated polymers like poly(thiophene), poly(phenylene ethynylene), and poly(fluorene) and polyacetylenes. Meckings et al has performed extensive investigations on preparing nanoparticles from polyacetylenes, which have shown interesting potential in inkjet printing. Later on, various group of researchers have successfully prepared both nano and microparticles consisting of optically active helical substituted polyacetylenes [6]. Such nano- and microarchitectures demonstrated remarkable optical activity and significant potential applications ranging from asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition/resolution, and enantiomer-selective crystallization to enantio-selective release [7-9]. Synthetic helical polymers may be classified as either static or dynamic helical polymers, depending on the inversion barrier of the helical conformation [10-11]. Static helical polymers have a relatively high energy barrier for helix inversion and are stable in solution, while dynamic helical polymers have a relatively low energy barrier for helix inversion and exist as a mixture of right- and left handed helical domains that are separated by rarely occurring helix reversals. Even a slight incorporation of optically active repeat units can shift the equilibrium to excess one-handed helicity. The chiral recognition properties of biopolymers with skilled emulating of synthetic helical polymers are currently a focus of much interest. Enantioseparation, catalysis, and sensing are among the more promising applications of molecular recognition based on responsive three-dimensional intramolecular or intermolecular superchiral structures. Optically active conjugated polymers represent an attractive class of chiral macromolecules adaptable to this purpose because their chiral behaviour can be augmented by nonlinear electrically conductive or optical properties arising from conjugation along the backbone. The first example of optically active polycarbazoles, poly[N-(R)- or (S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl-3,6-carbazole]s (R- or S-PDOC) were synthesized in 60-70% yield using modified nickel coupling method [12]. Helical polymers are easily denaturalized by certain physical factors e.g. heat, ultraviolet irradiation, and high pressure and by other chemical factors such as organic solvents. Various helical polymers have been synthesized, which include polyisocyanates, polyisocyanides, polychloral, polymethacrylates, polysilanes, polythiophenes, poly(p-phenylene)s, poly(1-methylpropargyl-ester)s, poly(phenylacetylene)s and poly(-unsaturated ketone) [13-19] (Fig. 1). Other polymers are whose optical activity is main chain or side chain chirality dependent e.g. amino-acid-based polymers are nontoxic, biocompatible and biodegradable. Optically Active Polymers Optically Active Polymers Introduction Optically active polymers are related to problems of the charged and reactive polymers, since optical activity is an inherent property of both natural macromolecules as well as a great variety of polymers synthesized. Most of the naturally occurring molecules/macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides are chiral and optically active. Chirality is essential for life. This situation can be very obviously seen if  we look at the chirality of nearly 800 drugs (about 97%) derived from natural sources. Only 2% are racemates and only 1% is achiral. Synthetic optically active polymers are of great interests, since they might mimic the fascinating functions of naturally occurring polymers, leading extensive studies being conducted on their synthesis, conformations and functions. In fact, most naturally occurring macromolecules possess the ability to organize to more complex high structure rather than single one and manifest their functions. Optical activity is a ph ysical spectral property of chiral matter caused by asymmetric configuration, confirmations and structures which have no plane and no centre of symmetry and consequently have two mirror image enantiomeric forms of inverse optical rotation. The recemic mixture of chiral enantiomers is optically inactive. The great majority of natural molecules contain chiral centres and are optically active. This is the case because living systems and their extracts as enzymes are able to produce completely stereoselective asymmetrical synthesis or transformations. This led Pasteur to say that ‘life is asymmetrical’ at the molecular level. The majority of food and drug molecules of physiological activity are chiral [1]. Xi et al. [2-8] investigated about chirality of optically active compounds. Optically active polymers today have also become of great interest owing to their chiral structure which may play an important role in molecular arrangement and assembly, which is critical for optoelectronics super molecular structure [9-12]. Chiral polymers with helical chain backbone have received increasing attention due to their helicity generating from secondary interactions such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. These chiral helical polymers undergo conformational change as well as helical reversal easily. The concept of the optically active aromatic chromophore as ‘conformational probe’ in isotactic polymers can be further extended by the use of optically active monomers [13]. Optically active polymers have exhibited a number of interesting properties in several highly specialized areas such as chromatographic resolution of steroregular [14], chiral [15-16], asymmetric catalysis and phase of the separation of racemic mixtures [17], thermosensitivity [18], synthesis molecular receptors and chiral liquid crystals for ferroelectric and nonlinear optical applications [20]. In the last year [52], Angiolini and co-workers have synthesized and investigated methacrylic polymers bearing in the side chain the chiral cyclic (S)-3- hydroxypyrrolidine moiety interposed between the main chain and the trans azoaromatic chromophore, substituted or not in the 4’ position by an electron withdrawing group. In these materials, the presence of a rigid chiral moiety of oneprevailing absolute configuration favours the establishment of a chiral conformation of one prevailing helical handedness, at least within chain segments of the macromolecules, which can be observed by circular dichroism (CD). The simultaneous presence of the azoaromatic and chiral functionalities allows the polymers to display both the properties typical of dissymmetric systems (optical activity, exciton splitting of dichroic absorptions), as well as the features typical of photochromic materials (photorefractivity, photoresponsiveness, NLO properties). Recently, highly efficient methodologies and catalysts have been developed to synthesize various kinds of optically active compounds. Some of them can be applied to chiral polymer synthesis and in a few syntheses for optically active polymers; chiral monomer polymerization has essential advantages in applicability of monomer, apart from both asymmetric polymerization of achiral or prochiral monomers and enantioselective polymerization of a recemic monomer mixture. Optically active chiral polymers are not only fundamentally interesting, due to the rich and complex architecture of macromolecular chirality as compared to that of small molecules, but also technologically important because their unique chiral arrays give rise to a number of potential, and in some cases commercially implemented. Classification of Optically active polymers: Optically active polymers are divided into three types: Biopolymers: Biopolymers are the main type of biomaterials. According to their degradation properties, biopolymers can be further classified into biodegradable and non-biodegradable biopolymers. Many implants, such as bone substitution materials, some bone fixing materials, and dental materials, should possess long term stable performance in the body. Recently biopolymers acts as developments in bone tissue engineering, vascular tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, genitourinary tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, gene therapy, and controlled drug delivery have promoted the need of new properties of biomaterials with biodegradability. Biologically derived and synthetic biodegradable biopolymers have attracted considerable attention [21]. Polymers prepared by almost completely isotactic polymerization by modification of naturally occurring polymer backbones such as polysaccharides. Synthetic polymers: Polymers synthesized from low molecular weight compounds are called synthetic polymers, e.g., polyethylene, PVC, nylon and terylene [7]. This polymer is also divided into three types: (a) Addition polymers: Addition polymers are including vinyl, aldehyde, isocyanide and acetylene polymers that were prepared via addition polymerization reaction such as poly(acryl amide)s, polyolephynes, polystyrene derivatives, polyazulenes, poly(vinyl ether)s, polymethacrylate, polymethacryloylamine, polychloral, polyisocyanides, polyisocyanates, polyacethylene and polyethers [22–32]. (b) Condensation polymers: Condensation polymerization continues to receive intense academic and industrial attention for the preparation of polymeric materials used in a vast array of applications [28]. One of application is synthesis of chiral polymers. For this purpose, monomer must be optically active. (c) Cross-linked gels: One of application is synthesis of chiral polymers. For this purpose, monomer must be optically active. One of application is synthesis of chiral polymers. For this purpose, monomer must be optically active. Why optically active polymers are important? or Speciality of optically active polymer Optical properties of polymers are not so different of other substances, excepting those characteristics related to the chain dimension and structure or conformational changes. Optically active polymers have found interesting applications because of their specific properties. The optical properties of these materials lie at the basis of many applications, for example in chromatographic methods for enantiomeric separations or creating complex optical devices. The dispersion of the specific rotation offers information regarding the conformational changes or Cotton effect. Optically active polymers characteristics as follows: -Optically active polymers with configurational chirality: the optical activity is given by the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom in the backbone or in the side chain of the monomer; Optically active polymers with conformational chirality: the optical activity is related to the conformational changes; Optically active polymers with both configurational and conformational chirality: the optical activity is given by macromolecular asymmetry and by the presence of the asymmetrical centers. Monomers of Optically active polymers Polymerization is the process of combining many small molecules known as monomers into a covalently bonded chain or network. During the polymerization process, some chemical groups may be lost from each monomer. This is the case, for example, in the polymerization of PET polyester. The monomers are terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4-COOH) and ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) but the repeating unit is -OC-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O-, which corresponds to the combination of the two monomers with the loss of two water molecules. The distinct piece of each monomer that is incorporated into the polymer is known as a repeat unit or monomer residue. The identity of the monomer residues (repeat units) comprising a polymer is its first and most important attribute. Polymer nomenclature is generally based upon the type of monomer residues comprising the polymer. Polymers that contain only a single type of repeat unit are known as homopolymers, while polymers containing a mixture of repeat units are known as copolymers. Poly(styrene) is composed only of styrene monomer residues, and is therefore classified as a homopolymer. Ethylene-vinyl acetate, on the other hand, contains more than one variety of repeat units and is thus a copolymer. Some biological polymers are composed of a variety of different but structurally related monomer residues; for example, polynucleotides such as DNA are composed of a variety of nucleotide subunits. The solid-state structures of polystyrene – poly(Z-L-lysine) block copolymers were examined with respect to the polymer architecture and the secondary structure of the polypeptide using circular dic hroism, quantitative small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and electron microscopy [33]. Synthesis of optically active polymers Much of the attention in chiral polymers results from the potential of these materials for several specialized utilizations that are chiral matrices for asymmetric synthesis, chiral stationary phases for the separation of racemic mixtures, synthetic molecular receptors and chiral liquid crystals for ferroelectric and nonlinear optical applications. Presently optically active compounds are synthesized by highly efficient methodologies and catalysts. In a few synthetic approaches for optically active polymers, chiral monomer polymerization has essential advantages in applicability of monomer, apart from both asymmetric polymerization of achiral or prochiral monomers and enantioselective polymerization of a racemic monomer mixture [17].

Marketing Essay -- Papers

Marketing Different Companies have different methods of selling their products, some companies decide to launch an item and wait for the results of the sales. Another method of selling a product is to research the market in which it is to be sold. There are various ways of conducting some market research, much depends on the item you wish to sell, the time you may have to research and the amount of money that is available. People who are expected to be consumers may be approached in order to recognise their needs, this may be done through questionnaires verbally by post or by phone once their needs are recognised it will be clearer what to provide for them. Research into the companies' product may provide information into potential competition and pricing the product. Price is of obvious importance for maximum sales and maximum profit. Researching the market may suggest that a sample should be circulated in order to address and amend any issues for example if it is an edible product the taste and smell must be considered if it is an electrical product the functions may be considered is it user friendly or practical or too complicated the right product with the wrong design will not sell and cold turn a potential profit into a potential loss. Studying peoples buying patterns will unveil ideas as to where this product should be sold, where people are more likely to buy them the consumer will have to be targeted and the product strategically planned in order to sell e.g. Haagen Dazs Good market research and prompt recognition and coherence will allow the producers to adopt relevant selling strategies and the ability to ... ...oduce enough in June 1994 and therefore decided not to use any advertising promotions. This may have been avoided if primary research had been done earlier to see what the demands of the consumers were, and the forecast of the weather. The product proved to be successful and ultimately that is what produces profits. Walls chose to conduct little primary research it may be that it was not required as Solero was a success, but it may also suggest that Walls missed out on profits of one month in an exceptionally hot summer because of lack of primary research Also arguably, Walls set out to repeat the success of Magnum in the indulgence sector but according to the impulse-positioning map Solero is purchased as refreshment and not indulgence does this mean that there is still room for a product in the indulgence sector?

Nurse Initiated Thrombolysis

Coronary disease contributes to a high mortality and morbidity each year (Cowie, 2002). Thrombolytic therapy during elevated S-T segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction and new left bundle branch block (STEMI) has been found to have advantages in coronary disease management (Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists Collaborative Group, 1994; Clare and Bullock, 2003) which include symptomatic delay and 30/1000 mortality reduction. Evidentiary studies suggest that six-hour delay in thrombolytic treatment implicates significant reduction in the mortality rate of thrombolytic therapy recipients (i.e. 30/100 before 6 hour treatment to 10/1000 upon 13-18 hour treatment) thus invoking systematic methods on the management of cardiology department to reduce time delays (Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists Collaborative Group, 1994). The National Service Framework for coronary heart disease devised the 20 minute intervention (Department of Health, 2000) from the clinical onset of the disease, the so called ‘door-to-needle-time’, in response to heart malady. The door to needle time has been changed to 30 minutes as of April 2002 indicated for patients with myocardial infarction (Smallwood, 2004). To reduce the possible time delay and to reach the 75 % goal reception of thrombolytic myocardial infarction (MI) patients at 30 minutes, an alternative model, Phase III, were set by Coronary Heart Disease Framework (Department of Health, 2000) with an overall inclusion or additive roles of nurses that would cover initial assessment and administering thrombolytic therapy to uncomplicated myocardial infarction cases. Nurse-initiated thrombolytic (NIT) practice is relatively new, and the studies, qualitative or quantitative in approach, are few. Most of the topics for NIT study would include NIT feasibility, reliability, and perceptive dimensions. In the following paper, there is an attempt to create a review of the different studies concerning nurse-initiated thrombolysis. Elucidation of roles and nurse’s pivotal roles are deducted from the studies. II. Assessment Quin et al. (1998) conducted a study on the assessment of coronary nurses’ ability to determine patient suitability for the thrombolytic therapy using clinical and electrocardiographic standards and they found that majority of the nurses, 85 % of sample population, showed safe and appropriate management decisions.   The study population was limited to only ten Coronary Care Units (CCUs) in Yorkshire and Northern England and the methodology and data collection consists of vignettes and questionnaire forms for finding out suitability of nurses decisions. Andrews et al (2003) attempted to test track records of two acute chest pain nurse specialists (ACPNS) for 9 months within Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department of Diana, Princess of Wales Hospital and they found that the NIT diagnosis and administration by ACPNS achieved a median door-to-needle time of 23 minutes compared to 56 minute fast track system thus indicating time reduction and over-all efficacy in thrombolytic therapy in the Coronary Care Unit. Data obtained for tracking period from 91 patient records and 72 % (acute chest pain nurse specialists) ACPNS reception. A remarkable 51 % significant difference in patient proportion within 30 minute thrombolytic therapy was found between ACPNS and fast track system initiated by the on-call-medical-team. Qasim et al (2002) conducted comprehensive analyses and compared statistical variances of door to needle times for patients with acute myocardial infarction amongst three phases (I:1989-95; II: 2:1995-7; 1997-2001) at Princess Royal Hospital in Telford, England. Their study indicated 9 %significant difference by patients treated within 30 minutes from Phase 1 (range 5-300 minutes) and Phase 2 (range 5-180 minutes) treatment audits. Systematic clinical review showed 0% improper NIT administered by coronary care thrombolysis nurses from a population of 24 patients which indicate 100% NIT efficacy. CCU (Coronary Care Unit) thrombolysis nurses accomplished set requirements prior to NIT practice— F and G grades and electrocardiogram interpretation. Qasim reported that fast-track and NIT may provide for myocardial infarction and bundle branch block management. Other studies similarly agreed on the adoptive role of nurses in thrombolytic treatment and suggested improvement in the coronary department by focusing at A&E department to improved thrombolysis (Heatherington et al., 2002). Loveridge (2004) on her study on the diagnostic interpretation of district general hospital (DGH)-, teaching house-, Coronary Care Unit (CCU)- and Minor Injury Nurses (MIU) nurses, indicated otherwise when she concluded that NIT is not feasible because of their lack of diagnostic skill and ECG (electrocardiogram) interpretation. Loveridge reiterated Savage and Channer’s (2002) concerns regarding risk of rapid assessment which includes intracerebral hemorrhaging from inappropriate drug administration and misdiagnosis. She finally concluded that NIT is un-feasible and requires education and training, a developmental program to secure NIT practice. III. NIT experiential dimension and ethics Humphreys and Smallwood (2004) counseled on the ethical aspects of nurse-initiated thrombolysis which focuses on the awareness and responsibility of NIT practice addressing related issues on the morality of professional practice and medical malpractice. Patient autonomy should always be considered and consent from the patients must always be obtained. Nurse’s perception or amicability towards NIT are positive in terms of attitude-orientation as indicated by the qualitative study conducted by Smallwood and Humphrey (2007) on thrombolytic agent administrators. Twelve nurses from a MidWestland Hospital in England that were authorized to administer thrombolytic agent were asked to complete an open-ended questionnaire on the expansive role of nurses on NIT. The study suggested overall acceptability of NIT work and other major themes that emerged were perception of ‘pressure’ to deliver best practice and patient management under NIT conditions. Thrombolytic activity and the additive roles, as suggested by the results of the study were ‘desirous’ based on a personal motivation to do good for the patients and to reach professional growth. IV. Criticisms Nurse feasibility based from the limited collation of studies was generally ‘agreed upon’ strategy to reduce time delays in coronary management. The authors (Quin et al., Andrews et al., and Qasim et al.) concluded that nurse-initiated thrombolysis is a safe and effectual practice for MI infarction and STEMI but, it is noted that there were the statistical ‘weakness’ on the methods that they adapted. Most notable is that they all have an extremely limited sample population for the NIT nurses and the administered population (i.e. MI patients). Additionally, the studies were all focused on the speed of thrombolytic delivery and not on patient safety. There are no studies yet constructed on massive or consolidated studies for the NIT nurses in the A&E and CCU departments. Although Loveridge attempted to compare feasibility of different departmental nurses for NIT, she adopted Quin’s ‘vignette’ method and concluded that NIT is not feasible for the current clinical environment. In reality, although nurses may have positive outlooks for the NIT management and their expansive roles, more consideration should be made on actual NIT efficacy. Aside from Andrews et al., there were no clinical studies yet on NIT which may determine actual field efficacy. On the level of practical practice, nurse initiated thrombolysis requires improvement in the nursing professional community. Methodologically poor studies on nurse-initiated thrombolysis indicate the need for further study of its’ clinical outcomes and efficacy. Works Cited A. Andrews, S. Chida, S.I. Kitchen, M.I. Walters, RJI Bain, and S.M. Heath. â€Å"Nurse initiated thrombolysis in the accident and emergency department: safe, accurate, and faster than fast track.† Emergency Medicine Journal, 20 (2003):418-420. Cowie M. â€Å"Introduction Cardiovascular risk: a UK priority–it's time to act.† Heart; 89(2002): 1. Claire C.and Bullock I. â€Å"Door-to-needle times: bull's eye or just bull? The effect of reducing   door-to-needle times on the appropriate administration of thrombolysis: implications and recommendations. EurJ Cardiovasc Nurs, 2(2003): 39-45. Department of Health. National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease. Modern Standards and Service Models. London: HMSO,2000. Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists Collaborative Group. â€Å"Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients.† Lancet; 343(1994): 311–322. Heatherington, CJL,  P Doyle,  JA Kayani,  and  DF Gorman.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Focus on emergency departments to reduce delays in thrombolysis. (Letters).  Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  British Medical Journal, (901)  2002: 1. Loveridge, N. Nursing Diagnostics and Electrocardiogram Interpretation in Relation to Thrombolysis. Emergency Nurse, 12 (2004):28-34. Qasim A, Malpass K, O'Gorman DJ, Heber ME. Safety and efficacy of nurse initiated thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. BMJ, 324 (2002);1328-31. Quinn T, McDermott A, Caunt J.. â€Å"Determining patients’ suitability for thrombolysis: coronary care nurses' agreement with an expert cardiological gold standard as assessed by clinical and electrocardiographic vignettes†. Intensive Critical Care Nursing, 14(1998): 219–224. Smallwood, A. and M. Humphreys. â€Å"Nurses’ perceptions and experiences of initiating thrombolysis: a qualitative study.† Nursing in Critical Care, 12(2007):132-140.      

Essay about Effects of Images

Essay about Effects of Images Essay about Effects of Images Effects of Images Most Americans are searching for the American Dream: a nice house, a white picket fence, a big yard with children running around and a spouse to come home to. No one seems to be satisfied with this â€Å"dream† anymore because everyone wants to go beyond it. Commercials and advertisements on television compel us to go out and buy things we don’t need so we can achieve happiness and fulfillment. These advertisements are constantly on television brainwashing us into thinking we need the latest and greatest. We are unaware of the impact they have on our lives. Although these images seem very appealing, they are causing many negative problems in American’s everyday lives. Advertisers have shaped our generations’ way of thinking by evoking emotion in many of the television commercials today. In Cameron Johnson’s â€Å"The Mighty Image† he claims that most Americans don’t realize the influence images have on them. â€Å"Millions of products suddenly get purchased directly after a slick marketing campaign reveals the tremendous power of a finely wrought image† (177). However, advertisers are successful when it comes to creating an emotional appeal by using valuable symbols that makes a dramatic attraction to the product, such as the American Flag. For example, J. Francis Davis points out that the American flag is an important symbol for Americans because it evokes so many heartfelt emotions. â€Å"The flag works as an image because it suggests a long list of stories and myths that are buried inside us. Image makers hope that in the moment it takes to ‘consume’ an ad or commercial frame, their carefully sel ected graphics-like the image of the flag-will evoke emotions and memories bubbling deep within us† (569). The American flag is a very useful visual effect for advertisements because it represents our countries values. When Americans see the flag they feel a sense of pride in their country and are compelled to buy a product that it is associated with. If an advertisement is trying to get Americans to buy something, all they have to do is wave a flag around and say, â€Å"Buy this if you are a true American.† Advertisers are spending millions of dollars researching what will work best to attract us to certain products. Commercials and advertisements have created an addiction within us that we are unaware of. â€Å"They all teach us to buy and to feel somehow dissatisfied and inadequate unless we have the newest, the latest, the best† (Thoman 174). Americans are always focused on what we don’t have rather than what we do have. We are unaware of the influenc e that the image culture has on us. One example of how images affect our society is by the commercials they make. Images stereotype certain genders and how they are portrayed. For example, Carl’s Jr. commercials focus mainly on men. They are known for their ads with fancy cars or girls in their bikinis. After a man watches these commercials he begins to think that Carl’s Jr. is manly food and will be more likely to go out and buy it. Many of these stereotypical advertisements can be very harmful to the audience watching them. One gender may be attracted to the commercial while the other gender is furious at the message they’re sending out. The Electrolux company does a great job putting their focus on women doing the household chores. In one of their commercials, they illustrate stereotypical gender roles perfectly. It shows Kelly Ripa running around the house getting the chores done while cooking dinner with the â€Å"all powerful† Electrolux stove. Why doesn’t this advertisement sho w any men? They are assuming that women are the only ones that cook for their children and do household chores while men wait for the meal to be ready. In reality, a lot of men are also responsible for doing the chores around the house. Many television ads also compel us to have the latest and popular items in America. In â€Å"The Mighty Image† Cameron Johnson talks about the SUV craze in America and how everyone

Case for locog workforce Diversity The WritePass Journal

Case for locog workforce Diversityï » ¿ Introduction Case for locog workforce Diversityï » ¿ London Olympic and Paralympic games. Benefits that could accrue from this diversity and implications have been outlined and include improvement in bottom line and workforce relations, resulting in enhanced efficiency, gains in competitive advantage and thus enhanced business performance which would enable LOCOG achieve its objectives and mandate. HR seeks to contribute to the realization of these benefits through deliberate training and development of diversity awareness and culture evaluation, as well as, focusing on workforce diversity in the recruitment and selection of staff. References Foot, M., Hook, C., 2008. Introducing Human Resource Management. 5th ed. Harlow  : Pearson Education Ltd. Mannix, E., Neale, M., 2005. â€Å"What Differences Make a Difference? The Promise and Reality of Diversity Teams in Organizations.† In: Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 6(2), 31-35. McCuiston, V., Ross, B., Pierce, C., 2004. â€Å"Leading the diverse workforce. Profit, prospects and progress.† In: The Leadership Organization Development Journal. 25(1), 73-92. Shen, J., et al., 2009. â€Å"Managing Diversity through human resource management: an international perspective and conceptual framework.† In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 20(2), 235-251. Syeda, J., Ãâ€"zbilginb, M., 2009. â€Å"A relational framework for international transfer of diversity Management practices.† In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol. 20, No. 12, 2435–2453.

Scope for exploiting Big Data and Big Data Analytics in the local Essay - 1

Scope for exploiting Big Data and Big Data Analytics in the local transport industry - Essay Example The data being accumulated comes from a wide range of sources. However, the data growth is driven by two main sources working together with decreasing storage costs. The first source for data is the â€Å"internet of things†. A number of sensors collate information on our activities and environment on a daily basis. These connected devices contribute substantially to the amount of information accumulated daily and they are projected to rise from about 4.5 billion devices in 2010 to over 50 billion in 2020 (Dumbill, 2012). The second greatest source of data is the social web of networks where information about human activities is shared on a daily basis. This includes data about human preferences, interests, and locations. On addition to the two major sources of data highlighted above, there are a number of other private sources including hospital records, phone communications, financial transactions, information captured on CCTV and many others. The McKinsey Global Institute has termed big data as the next frontier for competition, innovation, and global productivity (Mayinka, 2011). The analysis of masses of unstructured and semi-structured data which some time ago would have been considered prohibitive in terms of time and money is now considered the next step towards business advantage. One of the reasons why this data has turned out to be very important is that great insight can be gained from the data by monitoring the patterns of human interaction. One of the areas in which big data displays great potential is the transportation industry. This is an industry which increasingly showing great requirement for an industrial big data platform. With increasing urbanization and expansion of many cities across the world, traffic management and related challenges are getting bigger by the day. In some of the largest and more congested cities in the world, a lot of hours are lost daily on traffic and most people incur economic losses and social stress due to

Personal Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Narrative - Essay Example At that time, I was stationed in Manhattan, KS and had to choose between Manhattan, Salina, and Topeka. Topeka and Manhattan were testing on the same days and as fate would have it, I decided to give Manhattan a try. Having no navigational skills in the city, I was first challenged in finding the testing site for the physical agility test. When I arrived at RCPD range were the recruitment was taking place, I was shocked to realize that I was going to be put up against other forty people who were competing for five or six slots. Once I got out of my truck and started talking to other hopeful applicants I became worried about the chances of success through the hiring process. I was confused on what would be my next step if I was not successful and was unable to secure a chance in the police department. I felt as though I was under qualified after finding out that 60%- 70% of the applicants had degrees in Criminal Justice. I thought for sure that college would be a major hiring point. I was determined to prove my ability and advantage over the graduates who lacked professional experience. The air was thin and cold on this particular day, making just breathing a chore. Gazing out at the course the towers were tall and a long climb, the walls were high with steep drops to the other side. For the agility test, the recruits were expected to run through tires and drag a 170 pound dummy had to a safe zone. I felt confident since I was still in the Army and was in the best cardiovascular condition in my life. The lieutenant introduced himself to the crowd and began explaining the course, at the end of his explanation and demonstration he asked for volunteers to go first. In my mind I thought it would be good to volunteer, but I had learned early on in the Army not to volunteer for anything. I held my ground and stayed back to gauge the motivated people stepping to the front. I watched several individuals run through the course until it was finally my turn. Once I stepped up to the starting line my adrenaline ran high and I felt unstoppable at that point. I had heard the fastest time was 2:09 through the course on this day and I was determined to beat it and set a new record. I took off up the steep flight of stairs and down the other side simulating a chase. I felt like a wild animal closing on my prey as I hopped the fence and dropped to the other side. Next I ran through a makeshift neighborhood setting and to a high wall I had to climb. Once at the top I ran down the steps and around the turnaround point. It was then that I realized how fast I was moving, I was flying through the course and hurting badly inside. Despite the difficulty, I knew I had to hold on for the next 30 seconds and I would have achieved my target. I ran to the shooting simulation and picked the bad guy out of the standup targets, ran to the dummy drag the 170 pounds 20 yards like a dog carries a flea on a daily basis. Once I was at the end of the line I heard the scorer yel l â€Å"2:03†, I had done it. On the finishing line, I felt proud to have achieved my target and was convinced that I had already secured the job. My score got beat by a fraction of a second later in the day, but I was still proud that I was able to overcome the pain to get to the finish

Leadership Team Formation And Strategic Management Within An Essay - 1

Leadership Team Formation And Strategic Management Within An Organization - Essay Example For any group that intends to work together, team formation is an important aspect that defines how the involved individuals relate with one another. To begin within, there is the number of issues that were important for our group. My group was made of friends and this was an upper hand on matters of cooperation, willingness to work together and alignment to the group goals. At some point, we had to absorb one student who lacked a group and the instructor requested that he joins out the group. While we were classmates, this new individual was way distant to us and it became an important issue to assimilate him into the group and to get him on board our group targets and goals. This is expected in any given organization that some employees will join the workforce at some point and there is need to align them to the management goals to enable them to work in harmony with other employees (Augier, 2013). This burden rests on the shoulder of human resource managers. One important aspect o f human resource management is to establish a strong team which starts right from the moment of recruitment. The organization selection and recruitment process is an activity that the human resource managers take seriously to obtain the best workforce within the institution (Nordensson, Ash, & Kelley, 2010). The selection process is an activity that involves selection of only qualified employees who suit the minimum requirements of the position and fill the existing employee gaps effectively.

Biology lesson 4 Exam Essay Example for Free

Biology lesson 4 Exam Essay Question 1 2 points Save Plant seed coats, mycorrhizae, and cuticles are examples of ways plants have adapted to life on land. evolutionary adaptations to limit water absorption. mechanisms to enhance carbon dioxide release. both b and c. (page 502) Question 2 2 points Save The advantages of vascular tissue over nonvascular tissue are evident in whether organisms have alternation of generations. an organisms size and complexity. (page 504) the number of individual offspring produced by each organism. all of the above. Question 3 2 points Save The typical vascular plant sporophyte  includes the developing embryo. has roots, shoots, and meristems. has specialized tissues that develop into conducting vessels. both b and c. (page 507) Question 4 2 points Save Fruits and vegetables provide ____________ and are important sources of _____________ . nutrients; carbohydrates dietary fiber; protein protein; vitamins and minerals dietary fiber; vitamins and minerals (page 516) Question 5 2 points Save More than 70 percent of the worlds cultivated farmland is used for growing _________ rich in ____________. fruits; carbohydrates and fiber roots; starch  grains; carbohydrates and fiber (page 518) legumes; Protein Question 6 2 points Save Several nonfood uses of plants include paper, synthetic clothing, and building material. medicines, rayon, and lumber. (pages 520-523) ceramics, cabinets, and rope. violins, ivory, and rubber. Question 7 2 points Save Salicin, derived from the bark of willow trees, is the starting compound used to make paper. clothes. rubber. aspirin. (page 522) Question 8 2 points Save Medicinal uses of plants include all of the following EXCEPT cancer treatment. treatment of cardiac disorders. decongestant. Albinism treatment. (page 521) Question 9 2 points Save Two plants that are used to make BOTH paper and cloth are bamboo and flax. flax and cotton. (page 522) sisal and bamboo. rice and cotton. Question 10 2 points Save Refer to the illustration below it shows the stem of a coleus plant. The tissue labeled A, which gives support to the vascular structures in the plant stem, is called vascular tissue. dermal tissue. epidermis. ground tissue. (pages 552-553) Question 11 2 points Save Protection, water and mineral absorption, and gas exchange are all functions of dermal tissue. (page 553)  vascular bundles. mesophyll cells. heartwood. Question 12 2 points Save The plumbing system that transports water and nutrients throughout a plant is called epidermis. vascular tissue. (page 554) pith. transpiration. Question 13 2 points Save The movement of water through a plant is caused, in part, by the attraction of water molecules for each other. osmosis. transpiration. (page 560) all of the above. Question 14 2 points Save The stomata are responsible for translocation. leaf growth. regulating water loss. (page 560) the transport of minerals. Question 15 2 points Save. The guard cells that surround a stoma have no walls. swell with water, causing the stoma to open. (page 561) shrivel up when opening the stoma. are responsible for translocation. Question 16 2 points Save Seed germination in a bean sprout uses a hooked shoot to protect the sprout tip from damage. (page 572) occurs after the seed coat has been damaged. is aided by a protective sheath which covers the shoot tip. only occurs after the soil has warmed to 17oC. Question 17 2 points Save Corn plants are perennial plants, storing nutrients in their roots for the next year. Must have their seeds exposed to fire before they germinate. have secondary growth that makes the stems resistant to damage. have sheaths that cover the growing shoot during germination. (page 572) Question 18 2 points Save Growth by cell division that makes both ends of a plant longer but not wider is called secondary growth. annual ring growth. vascular growth. primary growth. (page 574) Question 19 2 points Save The secondary xylem and phloem form from cork cambium. vascular cambium. apical meristems. bark. (page 574) Question 20 2 points Save. One difference between a gastrovascular cavity and a one-way digestive system is the presence or absence of cell specialization. (page 605) digestive enzymes. digestion within body cells. a moist membrane for nutrient diffusion. Question 21 2 points Save In an open circulatory system, water is drawn into the mantle cavity to provide oxygen to body tissues. lungs branch into small tubules to provide oxygen to tissues. wastes are eliminated directly to the environment from tissues. body tissues are bathed directly in fluid containing oxygen. (page 606) Question 22 2 points Save. The system that does not allow for direct contact between oxygen-carrying cells and tissues is called a one-way digestive system. the excretory system. a closed circulatory system. (page 606) an open respiratory system. Question 23 7 points Save Match the animal systems in Column I with their functions in Column II. digestive E. break down food excretory B. removal of waste products skeletal C. body support and movement circulatory D. transport nutrients and oxygen nervous – A. coordinate body activities respiratory F. perform cellular metabolism reproductive G. carry on the species.

Progeria - Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome Essay -- genetic childhood dis

Progeria, otherwise known as Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome is an extremely rare, genetic childhood disorder with a reported incidence of about one in a million. Hutchinson reported the syndrome in 1886 when he found the first patient with Progeria. In 1904 Gilford described a second case of Progeria, thus creating the term to reflect the syndrome’s senile features. There are only about a hundred reported cases since the disorder has been discovered over a century ago. Currently, there are about thirty to forty known cases worldwide of Progeria. Affected children age up to seven times faster, have â€Å"plucked bird† appearance, many health problems and their lifespan is about thirteen years. There is neither known cause nor cure for this disease. It is usually first diagnosed based only on appearance and treatment is given for other conditions associated with the aging process rather the disease it self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Effected children usually appear normal at birth. But within the first year of life severe changes come into accordance. These include: baldness and bodily hair loss, including eyebrows and eyelashes; â€Å"skin wrinkling accompanied by pigmented age spots; [†¦] unusually high pitched voice; undeveloped or underdeveloped sexual maturation; bone lesions, often resulting in fractures and hip dislocation† (Livneh, Antonak and Maron, 1995, p.434). Death usually occurs between the age of twelve and thirteen and it is due to â€Å"cardiovascular deterioration and generally includes arthrosclerosis, myocardial infraction and congestive heart failure (Livneh, Antonak and Maron, 1995, p.434).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cause of Progeria is unknown as of yet. Because of its very rare nature, no definite cause can be pinpointed. However it is determined to be generic. In other words, it is thought that it is due to single mutated gene and each case might represent a single sporadic new mutation, which happens at conception. Therefore, as mentioned above, the diagnosis must be made solely on the appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During my Internet research on this subject, I have found a real story of a thirteen-year-old girl, named Ashley. Her story captured my heart and I would like to use Ashley as an example in helping to understand the disease, its progress and how it affects people involved. Ashley was born on May 23, 1991 as what it seemed a normal and healthy baby girl. In July 1991 doctors disco... ...f the disease and death to help cope and adapt properly. General intervention recommendations can focus on; the child’s needs, other family members and the parents. Other intervention can address social issues such as spirituality, emotionality, coping modes and adaptation techniques. It is very hard to say to a parent of a dying child that any of the above might help a broken heart, however, professional help, understanding and loving environment and family might ease the hardships of loosing one’s child, sibling or a friend. Bibliography DeBusk, F.L. (1972). The Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Jurnal of Pediatrics, 80, 697-724.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Livneh, Hanoch; Antonak, Richard F.; Maron, Sheldon. (1995). Progeria: Medical aspects, psycholosocial perspectives, and intervention guidelines. Death Studies, Vol .19(5), Sep-Oct 1995. pp. 433-452. Lori and Ashley’s Website. http://www.geocities.com/lori_and_ashley/. Visited on April 23, 2003. Mac Michael, R.A. (1996-2003) Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome Network. http://www.hgps.net/about/. Visited on April 23, 2003. Progeria Research Foundation Inc. (1999) http://www.progeriaresearch.org/. Visited on May 2, 2002.

Effects of Social Media on the Youth Essay

Various forms of media, such as the television, radio, newspapers, movies, magazines and most notably, the internet, have impacted heavily on the youth. The media not only serves as a source of information but also provides a source of entertainment. Media sources have relentlessly worked on creating appealing images that entice the youth to their content. Although these may be informative, the youths have been coerced into consuming more time reading or browsing for such information. Recent advancements in computers and mobile phones have led to ease of access of the internet via advanced wireless devices. Whereas this creates a tech-savvy generation, the content provided by some media houses may be uncensored and entails violent acts, obscene scenes and vulgar language. In addition, adolescents have been enticed into spending longer hours with strangers rather than family. This undesirable environment, coupled with the fact that today’s parents are heavily burdened with income generating activities hence find little or no time to talk to their children, has led to high incidences of youth violence and untoward behavior. However, the media content has not been entirely negative. This essay analyzes the impact of various forms of the media on the youth and presents various arguments for and against letting young adolescents spend their time scanning media content. Read more:  Influence of social media on youth essay. How has the media changed the lives of adolescents? First, today’s youths spend less time with their families and spend more time with strangers. Tamar Lewin, in â€Å"If Your Kids Are Awake, They’re probably Online† notes that children between the ‘ages 8 and 18 spend more than seven and a half hours a day’ using electronic devices (Lewin 1). Five to six years ago, youths spent on average one hour less. In addition, the emergence of advanced electronic media devices has curtailed time spent doing group activities which has been channeled to solitary activities (â€Å"Awake†). Brent Staples in â€Å"What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace† notes that whereas the traditional media content was largely aired through such mediums as the television, which is watched by a family at the same time, currently, the internet has taken over. Secondly, the youth chat, send e-mails and post their daily encounters and problems on the web. Instead of relating such experiences to their parents, they accept and follow the advice presented by total strangers. This has left teens with ‘nonexistent social skills’ for they are more flexible and aware of the virtual space where they can assume a different personality under a pseudonym, which would otherwise not be possible in the real world (Staples 2). Thirdly, the media has presented various options that aid in circumnavigating life’s hurdles and challenges. As Staple notes, during his childhood, he was presented with situations whereby he had to prove his worth to other people other than his own family members (â€Å"Cyberspace†). Adolescents, in today’s world, can easily skip this and opt to send messages or video chat via electronic devices such as mobile phones or the computer. However, this comes at a cost: They develop ‘low-quality relationships in virtual reality’ at the expense of ‘higher-quality relationships in the real world’ (Staples 2). Therefore, these relationships may appear perfect when the teenagers are on a virtual space but are in reality not practical. Finally, the media has given teenagers a platform via which they can gain an identity and prove their worth. Teenagers, and their advice or point of view, are normally disregarded even when their arguments are valid. The internet avails an equal opportunity platform through which they can air their grievances or opinions either under a pseudonym or an incognito handle without being disregarded. However, they have been known to violate the law. For instance, Michael Lewis is a teenager who offered his expertise to the Internet Information Service by posing as a 25-year old (â€Å"Cyberspace†). However, it is noteworthy that not all teenagers use such pseudonyms with an intention of breaking the law. They may be in fact trying to escape from the ‘boring’ and conventional set-up where information is mainly presented in books (Staples 2). How much contact with the physical world do the youth need? Lewin outlines a study by the Kaiser Family Foundation in which it was found out that today’s teenagers spend around seven and a half hours using electronic gadgets (â€Å"Awake†). This did not include the time spent texting or talking on their cell phones. Obviously, this time spent in contact with the virtual world is too much. There is a need to spend more time with family members and others in the physical world. Whereas Dr. Rich feels that parents and other key players in teenagers’ lives should accept the usage of media devices as part of the youth’s environment, there is a need to limit the hours spent on the internet and other media sources (â€Å"Awake†). On the other hand, parents should not entirely limit their children from accessing media content via electronic gadgets. Teens may end up feeling left out or develop an anti-social behavior in retaliation. Lewin outlines Ms. Calinan’s decision to limit her child’s access to video games to one and a half hours on weekends. Whereas this may force Trey, her son, to work harder in his studies, it may limit his development on the usage of electronic devices in this tech-savvy era (â€Å"Awake†). Therefore, the question as to how much time the youth should spend with the physical world has no straightforward answer. It should vary from child to child. Different teens have different reasons and needs. Whereas most heavy internet users have been linked to ‘behavior problems and lower grades,’ not all teens have been affected in a similar fashion (Lewin 1). For instance, Lewin found out that Francisco Sepulveda used his cell phone as an alarm clock in addition to accessing media content. However, his mother felt that he did not use his phone for its rightful purpose: To work on his assignments (â€Å"Awake†).Hence, parents should regulate their teen’s access to media content according to their teenagers’ situations rather than ascribe to a particular schedule. Do social media benefits outweigh the costs? Although both Lewin (2010) and Staples (2004) have presented their arguments by bordering on the negative influences of social media, there are numerous merits that cannot be overlooked. Teenagers can easily access a host of information sources that they would otherwise not be interested in were they to be limited to the traditional sources of information. For instance, unlike their parents and other preceding generations, few teens devote their time to watching news. However, the internet, through social sites such as Twitter and Facebook and search engines, such as Google and Yahoo, provides a direct link to the world’s current news. Hence, it can be argued that today’s teens receive breaking news even before their parents have received such news. The social media creates a rich source of information that caters for the youth in an appealing and sensational way. In addition, teens find a way to express themselves fully and anonymously in a manner that they could not h ave achieved in the real world. The virtual world breaks the conventional rules and hierarchical structure that teenagers are forced to submit to. Although this may come with various demerits, such as fraud and emotional troubles, one cannot afford to ignore the relief that the social media avails to teenagers who may be in dire need to express their feelings without being judged. Although there are outstanding demerits, the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. Lewin and Staples have avidly described disadvantages such as untoward social behavior, fraud and criminology, obesity and dwindling academic performance. However, these are resultant problems when sources and devices that avail social media content are not properly regulated. They are a result of overuse rather than the proper usage of electronic media gadgets. How might Staples argument be problematic and to some extent fallacious? Staples arguments may not necessarily hold water given that the internet and other forms of social media have successfully started off relationships. In fact, various couples have met and fallen in love via the internet and are currently happily married. The supposition that career couples have had their lives ‘taken over by e-mail and wireless tethers’ is in fact fallacious (Staples 1). People have adopted technology which avails a cheap means of communication. Rather than rely on older means of communication, which are quite cumbersome, they have chosen to adapt fast and efficient electronic devices. In addition, not all adolescents are drawn to the cyberspace so as to commit fraud or to ‘discard (their) quotidian identities’ (Staples 2). For instance, most adolescents prefer social sites such as Facebook which demand that the user should log in using a valid name. In conclusion, social media has made great impacts on today’s youths. Not only are they spending more time in this virtual space but they are also seeking entertainment and information in areas previously untested. Therefore, they face numerous challenges in adopting technology in order to suit their own ends. Therefore, parents should take a firm stand and guide their children through these perilous grounds in order to transform these young adults into successful people in future.