Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded in Truth

Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded In Truth Has bothone ever verbalize that unicorns be in real life and that they dumbfound confabulaten them? Or that they entangle hot part it was snowing? Or that cats can bark resembling dogs? intelligibly there is no truth to these plead custodyts. This is simply because unicorns do not exist in real life, you cannot feel hot if it is snowing, and that cats simply cannot bark like dogs. Life cannot exist without water, what goes up must come down, and similarly any statement which is reliable by thousands of other great deal must commence both(prenominal) hint of truth to it.As Kanazawa says Many sort outs atomic number 18 empirical generalizations with a statistical basis and thus on average t stopping points to be true. If they ar not true, they would not be stamps (The scientific Fundamentalist). Although some(prenominal) community fight that sorts atomic number 18 just over generalizations, and that pot use t hem to see the classd conclaves characteristics, most classifys be true as what is generally accepted in society must be somehow grounded in reality. Moreover, galore(postnominal) stereotypes render been proven by science, and conducted psychological studies such as stereotype nemesis.People who believe that stereotypes argon false, argue that stereotypes be just over generalizations. They argue that stereotypes represent just a small minority of the pigeonholing world stereotyped against. They give the pillow slip of the stereotype that all blondes are dumb. And state that while some blondes may be dumb, not all of them are, in fact many an(prenominal) are quite smart. They say that ones h tune pretension has no effect on ones dexterous capability. While this may be true for some of the stereotypes, many of the stereotypes actually represent the majority of the group beingness stereotyped.For example the stereotype that college educated people oblige bigger income s than those who take a crap only completed high groom is a sensible assessment. Yes, this aptitude be true in some cases. But as proven by the The College Payoff a report published by the Georgetown University, while there might be a small smattering of people who are only high school educated and who win more(prenominal) than many of the college educated people, still most of the college educated people have a higher salary then high school educated people (Carnevale, Rose, and cheah the college payoff).So although there may be some stereotypes that are false or depict over generalization, most of the stereotypes in fact are ground on assessments and actions of the majority of the group being stereotyped. Furthermore, people who argue that stereotypes are false state that people hold to cling on to stereotypes because it is quick and comfortable. It allows people to think they are meeting information about other people, without having to stop and actually spend judgment of conviction understanding the person or groups true personality. They claim that because of this many of the people or groups are misunderstood.However, what these people do not realize is that many of these stereotypes quite rightly show some of the traits of the group or individualist being stereotyped. An example is the stereotype, Jews are adept money handlers. The fact is that this stereotype is true to quite a great extent. According to The Weakonomics, you see an kindle representation of Jewish people within industries that revolve around the veer of money Not only have they dominated finance ( wherefore Do We Associate Jews with notes? ). While some of the Jews are both lawyers or doctors, most of them are in a field related to finance such as banking.In fact most of the people in top positions related to finance are Jews like the treasurer of the unify States, and the Secretary of the Treasury. In fact most of the people running the American Treasury happen to be Jewish. Another example is the stereotype that Asians are smart and studious. Some people say Asians are smart because they are taught differently in their home country, others claim that Asians are smart because they are very studious, and still others say that Asians are studious because they feel academically at a loss when they come to foreign places to study and to touch on study harder.Whatever may be the reason, the truth remains that Asians are smarter and more studious than most of people. Thus, while some stereotypes might contain some discrepancies, most of the stereotypes show the truth about the group being stereotyped. Stereotypes do not just come out of thin air they were based on actual observations of people or their actions. An event must have occurred to have that formed these stereotypes.For example according to Meltzoff, Cvencek and Greenwald, the stereotype that boys are advance in math then girls forms almost as early as second grade when boys start to assoc iate with math and start doing collapse than girls in the subject (766-799). In fact all of the stereotypes have evolved from an origin. The stereotype that blacks are good at sports came about because in almost both sport there is a black athlete who dominates the others. As sports sociologist Ben Carrington points out, at the engenderning of the 20th century, whites were considered to be choice to blacks intellectually, aesthetically and even physically.However by the 1930s, this logic began to change as blacks started to be viewed as physically superior to whites in matters related to sports (Interview of Carrington, University of Texas). Another example is the stereotype that Italian men are very romantic. This stereotype exists because of the Italians constant flirting with girls and their traditions which drive kissing a girl on her hand as a greeting. As Megalio says, Italian men tell you that youre beautiful and really hatch it, feed you to show their affection, cry ra rely but genuinely and wee-wee hard in honor of the woman they love (Why Women Cant spend a penny Enough of Them).Another example is the stereotype that Italian men have an dehydrated obsession with their mothers. According to Pike and Allen married or not, one in three Italian men sees his mother every day (The Guardian). Thus, stereotypes are formed based on history and statistics, but in recount to survive they must be regularly beef upd. While there might be some stereotypes that do not apply to the majority of the group being stereotyped against, or are exaggerated truths, many of the stereotypes have in fact been proven by science.For example, according to Susan, quite a lot of gender stereotypes have been proven to be true by science (Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True). These stereotypes include Women savour to Talk and men are comparatively color blind. As per the stereotype women love to talk, Susan talks about how the areas of the brain responsible for lyric are larger in women than men, and how the fe manful brain processes language in both hemispheres of the brain (Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True).Moreover, regarding the stereotype men are comparatively color blind, Susan talks about how the gene for seeing red is carried by the X-chromosome, and men have one X-chromosome while women have two, which puts men at a disadvantage at seeing the color spectrum (Gender Stereotypes That Science Says Are True). Another example is the stereotype that black people cant swim. In the first of its kind persuasion by USA swimming, it found that nearly 60% of black children have not been given aquatic training. (Quoted. in msnbc).Therefore, as we can see from the examples given, many stereotypes have actually been proven by science to be true and are hence more than just exaggerated truths. Lastly, another(prenominal) way in which stereotypes are true is the fact that they actually reinforce stereotypical behavior. This phenomen on is known as stereotype threat, whereby an individual is constantly receptive to negative images of his/her racial or ethnic group, this person starts to accept the selfsame(prenominal) social and personal characteristics of these images as self characteristic.In fact psychologists, Steve and Aronson, conducted several essays in which they proved that the phenomenon of stereotype threat does exist. When female participants were primed before a test of not being as smart as their male counterparts, their scores were significantly lower as compared to when the women were led to believe the tests did not reflect these stereotypes(A threat in the air 613-629). The same experiment was run again using African-Americans and Americans with the same results (Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance 797-811). Thus proving that the person acts like the way he/she was stereotyped to be.Stereotypes might be flattering or insulting. They might have positive effects or negative ones. But at the end of the day the fact remains that most of the stereotypes are true because they are grounded in actual observations of people, they have been proven by science, and because of the concept of stereotype threat. As David Cronenberg says All stereotypes turn out to be true. This is a worthless thing about life. All those things you fought against as a youth you begin to realize theyre stereotypes because theyre true. Therefore, just as smoke cannot exist without fire, stereotypes cannot exist without truth.Works Cited Kanazawa, Satoshi. The Scientific Fundamentalist. Psychology Today. 24 April 2008. Web. twelfth March 2012 http//www. psychologytoday. com/blog/the-scientific-fundamentalist/200804/all-stereotypes-are-true-except-i-what-are-stereotypes. Carnevale, Anthony P.. Rose, Stephen J.. Cheah, Ban. The College Payoff. Georgetown University marrow for Education and the Workforce. fifth August 2011. Print. http//cew. georgetown. edu/collegepayoff/ Why Do We Associate Jews With Money? The Weakonomics. 27th July 2009. Web. 12th march 2012 http//weakonomics. om/2009/07/27/why-do-we-associate-jews-with-money/ Cvencek, D. , Meltzoff, A. N. and Greenwald, A. G. (2011), MathGender Stereotypes in Elementary School Children Child Development, 82 766779. http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2010. 01529. x/abstract Blacks, Sports and Lingering Racial Stereotypes A QA with Sports Sociologist Ben Carrington. Interview by University of Texas. 25th August 2010. Web. 12th march 2012. http//www. utexas. edu/opa/blogs/shelflife/2010/08/25/blacks-sports-and-lingering-racial-stereotypes-a-qa-with-sports-sociologist-ben-carrington/Meglio, Francesca Di, Italian custody Why Women Cant Get Enough of Them?. Our Paesani. Web. 12th march 2012. Pike, Rebecca Allen, Carmel. Mamma mia. The Guardian. fourteenth May 2002. Web. 12th March 2012. http//www. guardian. co. uk/world/2002/may/14/gender. uk H. Susan. 6 Absurd Gender Stereotypes (T hat Science Says Are True). 10th May 2010. Web. 12th March 2012. Nearly 60 percent of black children cant swim.Associated Press. Msnbc. 5th January 2008. Web. March 12th 2012. http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/24411271/ns/health-childrens_health/t/nearly-percent-black-children-cant-swim/. T2CsyBHxrNl Steele, C. M. A threat in the air How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist. 1997. Print. 52, 613-629. Steele, C. M. , and Aronson, J. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African-Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995. Print. 69, 797-811. Cronenberg, David. brainy Quote. Web.

Kot1 Task2

KOT1 TASK 2 SCENARIO ONE Medi bid ingredient A is the infirmary indemnification and it im crack buckle under your gets hospital bill one century part because she has met the three day minimum hospital stay criteria. That damage exit include room and board and services such as lab work, any therapy she may have turn aroundd during her stay as well as pharmacy. Since your mother also has Medicare part B which is the health check insurance, part B go away open eighty percent of the doctors services as long as her yearly deductable has been paid.Unless your mum has supplemental insurance coverage also known as Medigap insurance, she will be financi onlyy responsible for the twenty percent that part B Medicare does not cover. A Medicare supplement referred to as (Medigap) insurance, sold by cliquish insurance companies, can help stipend some of the cost that Medicare doesnt cover. Medicare. gov11/04/12www. medicare. gov/supplement-other-insurance/medigap/whatsmedigap. htm . A couple of examples of Medigap insurance companies are AARP, Humana, and Agis. You will have to conduct the clandestine insurance company a monthly insurance premium for your Medigap policy simply as you would any insurance policy.Keep in mind that premium will be in addition to the monthly Part B premium that you pay to Medicare. In order to qualify you must have Medicare part A and B. That maybe something you and your mother may want to look into. Regarding her piteous to the skilled nursing facility, the cost will be cover by Medicare one hundred percent the first twenty days. After a hospital stay of at least three days, your mothers stay in a Medicare-certified Skilled Nursing Center can be covered at 100% for the first 20 days. For the next 80 days, if your mother had to stay that long Medicare Part A covers everything except the daily coinsurance.Im meritless no one informed either of you that your mother got an infection opus at the nursing facility. That informati on should have been disclosed to the both of you. unfortunately because your mother acquired and infection while at the skilled nursing facility, she had to receive additional care including antibiotics. Medicare will not pay the additional write off and your mother fortunately will not be billed either. This is considered a preventable event. The facility will have to pay the costs of interposition for infection. In 2009 the rules have changed.So for instance, if you are on Medicare and you get a hospital acquired infection while you are being treated for something that is covered by Medicare, the extra cost of treating the hospital acquired infection will no durable be paid for by Medicare. Paddock, C (2007, Aug 20) Medicare will not pay for hospital mistakes and infections, new rule, Medical News Today, p1. This is unfortunate for the general universal because where Medicare will not pay for these costs the costs is shifted. Unpaid costs must be covered by those who do pay s o the hospital can continue operating, a process known as cost shifting.Providers increase their charges against households and public and private insurers who pay for their own care plus make some contribution for the care of the uninsured population. This increases insurance premiums, making it even more difficult for many households and businesses to afford health care coverage. In January 2006, Medicare added access to a prescription medication benefit which is Medicare part D in which your mother is enrolled. Your mothers out of pocket prescription do medicines costs are calculated on a progressive basis (like federal income tax). She will pay the first $325 which is the Medicare Part D think deductible.After the deductible is met, she will pay 25% co-insurance towards all the prescription drug costs up to a center of $2970. For example, let us shine that her total yearly prescription drug expenses are $3000. Therefore, she will pay 25% of the difference amongst the deduc tible ($325) and $2970 which is (2970 325)*0. 25 = $661. 25. When the costs total more than $2970, she will be responsible for 100% of the difference between $2970 and $3000 or an additional cost of $30. In this example the total estimated annual cost out of pocket for prescription drug plan with a Medicare Part D should be around $325 + $661. 5 + $30 = $1016. 25 in addition to the monthly premiums your mother will have to pay for the part D plan. In summary Medicare part A will pay your mothers hospital stay one hundred percent as long as the deductable is met. She will also pay twenty percent of the medical bill as long as her deductable is met. Medicare will pay for rehabilitation services one hundred percent excluding the charges for the care of the urinary tract infection. After the deductible is met, she will pay 25% co-insurance towards all the prescription drug costs up to a total of $2970.

Communication Exersise Formal Report Essay

By Business ConsultantExecutive centremaryMirror Image drive an overhaul in parley among attention and workers. After solicitation culture collected through the chief operating officer and a resent provide survey, it is app atomic number 18nt that certain things ar restricting good colloquy. With the help of swell pre-existing research this report identifies several major issues. Dis conceive of management has led to limited dialogue, as the workers tactual sensation this protects them.I decl are this line of achievement of action1. Create a transparent study and reassure lag astir(predicate) future redundancies.2. Invest in communication courses for managers that deal with sluttish conversation.3. Actively encourage twain way communication between managers and workers.4. recruit police squad leaders (foremen) that communicate well.This report was commissioned by the CEO and entrust help identify the communication problems at Mirror Image, particularly betwee n factory workers and managers. Firstly the report allow for bring in concert relevant schooling on the subject, secondly identify the problems with provided reading and in conclusion it allow suggest some causes of action to help improve communication theory at IM. 2.0 Analysis of communication2.1 Literature review intercourseManagers need more than than technical skills, communication is a leaders main rail line for inspiration and engagement, whilst helping avoid serious problems. Communication classes for management relieve oneself been proven effective by extensive pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, large amounts of evidence suggest educating managers about communication is very beneficial (Walters & Norton 2007). Communication classes for management can be tailored to address concerns. Its ordinarily hard to identifying issues turn outing in poor communication.Luckily there is a wealth of information on the subject. Newberry & Conrad (2010) delivered a journal d edicated to improving communication skills in the workplace. Relevance established, the authors tend twenty four key communication guidelines to aim for. Relevant key ideas * Initiate open Discussion(Organizational communication)* Create information networks * Provide feedback * Building trust(Inter soulal, oc instilly positive verbal/ noneverbal communication)Trust is gained by a manager, when subordinates take away consequence about events. Certainty gained from open discussion, where both(prenominal) parties have a say. Trust leads to increased productivity (Bach, 2006). The best bactericidal is sunshine (Allen, 2012)Power BasesGupta and Sharma (2008) believe Power bases play a gelid role in worker compliance. They make a distinction between harsh former bases (HPB) and soft ply bases (SPB). They conclude that SPB are more effective in conjunction with quality communication then HPB. The SPB categories are expert, referent, information and dependence legitimacy. The HPB categories are coercion, reward, position legitimacy (French & Raven 1959). closenessThe theory the reel of concealment by Noelle-Neumann (1974) talks about how in groups, individuals entrust non raise comments or arguments, when they feel their views arent divided by the different members. The idea is important when con boldnessring employee involvement in the finale making litigate. Silence also occurs when there are trust issues. If soul believes what they say will be used against them, they will remain silent. footnote made by UK charity Public Concerns at Work, in a UK newspaper The knowledge that there is a culture of silence in the workplace both encourages and shields the corrupt and dishonest (stern, 2008).In this exemplification the negligence of management was extreme. However silence can still quicken negligence in management, no matter the severity. Therefore, silence in its adolescence is bad, if left(a) untreated it could turn into something much worse. When participants in an organization discuss issues at meetings, certain accuses should be taken into account. Levasseur (1995) provides ten points, the relevant ones are 2. mark off on a shared purpose.4. Record ideas, issues and agreements.6. Manage tasks and teamwork simultaneously.7. Answer 4 key questions about every agenda steeric.8. Decide on future(a) steps as a group.This list highlights the fact that communication is a two way street. Silence occurs in Organisations when these recommendations are not met.2.2 Staff survey (full results can be found in the appendix) The stave survey highlighted serious problems, with MIs factory workers. The majority of workers gave a negative response to nearly every question. The workers seem to be more aware of the issues then the managers. The survey provided an anonymous outlet for factory workers where there previously wasnt one.The survey should therefore be regarded as an accurate representation of worker/manager views. However some questions contain results that suggest attribution errors. ascription errors effect perceptions of positive or negative situations, and whether its internalised or externalised (Philip, 1985), evidence will not be taken from these stricken questions.Figure 1 60% of workers believe they are insufficiently improve on their channel role. Workers seize dressedt receive enough affirmation about their specific role in the company. This leads to enormous inefficiencies, as workers are left to pick up the pieces.Figure 2 60% of workers do not have confidence in management. The lanes of communication needed are not there. A workplace without trust is inefficient.Figure 3 80% of workers are prevented from voicing their concerns. Workers are scared that what they say will be viewed optably. They are also worried about getting fired. They are already inherently disadvantaged, because their only form of vertical communication is logical prospect.Figure 4 A lot of managers dont involve workers. Decisions are probably made without them knowing. The workers probable feel helpless.Figure 5 All managers consider themselves approachable. hesitation three was the most unanimous result from the entire survey. This suggests managers dont openly reprove communication. They most discourage communication other ways. They are in positions of power, making them more accountable then individual workers.2.3 Case StudyMirror Image shows a general lack of communication between management and their respective subordinates, brought about by distrust and fear. Management is distrusted because the workers fear give notice communication will ultimately leave them jobless. Fear keeps what little interpersonal communication they have focused on safe subjects, like the Rugby world cup. Fear is a powerful tool used by harsher power bases. Managers at MI resort to harsh power bases because they come with the job (legitimate and coercive bases). Softer more progressive bases requi re reform and political campaign. The need for softer bases is straightforward in the formation of several factory leaders. One mentioned was Rick who became a go between for workers. Workers like Rick ostentation reverent power that managers and the foreman lack. This is an obvious inefficiency.Effectively doubling the metre spent communicating. The spiral of silence impacts employees, because their ideas are not considered my management. Previously efforts in communication where hampered by an uninterested CEO. Relying on memo boards is extremely impersonal and should only be used for functional information. This lack of effective communication set a low standard for workers and managers, this caused the distrust between them. Managers didnt involve workers and dont ask for their opinions, while workers used inefficient mediums of ex limiting. The loss in productivity isnt easy to quantify, however managers being disinterested in workers activities may further decrease product ivity (Mayo, 1930). 3.0 ConclusionMI has crucial issues between factory workers and management. Brought about by lacklustre communication, the issues were mostly caused by distrust. When analysing the workers survey it was obvious that they sore serious problems with the way MI was run. not FINISHED4.0 RecommendationThese recommendations will help managers and workers communicate more efficiently, recollect as CEO you should lead by drill. Transparency should be deployed in every facet of the organisation, to tackle the large trust issues hampering communication. Start by reassuring staff that jobs will not be going under your leadership, making shore you dont promise something you cant keep. Try having reviewable slaying evaluationsystems. If transparency is achieved certainty will result, certainty in time will bring a trusting workforce. example communication classes to teach the basics, from subtle nonverbal communication to lifting the level of communication entirely (ext ensive list provided in index). Include shifting managers power bases from harsh to soft. only if bother teaching the managers as it will cost less, while achieving more.Managers should be encouraged to show an interest in the workers and the work they are doing. Managers should encourage two way communication, make them resolvent employee questions fully. If they are not receiving questions have them rhetorically answer some of their own. lend oneself these measures by increasing the transparency down the chain of command. Ask for updates on progress incessantly. Removing the memo board is a good idea, in favour of orders being communicated down the chain of command, to ensure two way communication. Only process information should be distributed through other mediums.Goals should be build upd by both the workers and managers. This should reduce some of the spiral of silence effects. Finally the team leaders (foremen) have proven to be a bottle come in communication. Seek to pr omote workers who display natural power to communicate. For example Rick the employee mentioned by you would be a fine candidate. These leaders will hopefully bridge the gap between workers and management.5.0 List of references1. Allen, Christopher J,D.V.M., J.D. 2012, 4 ways to Provide Transparency in the Workplace, DVM, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 54-55. 2. Bach, P. 2006, Workplace trust hard to gain, but consistency, transparency key, Washington, United States, Washington.(ProQuestID- 463161676) 3. Daniel A. Wren, Arthur G. Bedeian, John D. Breeze, (2002) The foundations of Henri Fayols administrative theory, Management Decision, Vol. 40 Iss 9, pp.906 918 state It was not until the Storrs commentary that Fayols (1949) 4. French, J. R. and B. Raven (1959).The bases of social power. Studies in social power one hundred fifty 167 5. Gupta, B. & Sharma, N.K. 2008, Compliance with Bases of Power and Subordinates Perception of Superiors Moderating Effect of Quality of fundamental interacti on, Singapore Management Review, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-24. (ProQuestID-226850816) 6. Levasseur, R.E. 1995, Breaking the silence, Successful Meetings, vol. 44, no. 13, pp.61-61.(ProQuestID-206037363) 7. Mayo, Elton (1930). Hawthorne and the Western Electric Company. The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilisation. Routledge. 8. Newberry, R. & Conrad, D. 2010, Identification of Outcome base Business Communication Skills, Allied Academies International Conference.Academy of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict.Proceedings, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 28-32.(ProQuestID- 807539416) 9. Noelle-Neumann, E.(1974) The spiral of silence A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24, 43-3 10. Philip E. Tetlock. family unit 1985, Account business leader A Social Check on the Fundamental Attribution Error, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 227-236 11. Stern, S. Sept 9 2008, Pssst . . . get smart and wipe out whistleblowing, The Financial Times, United Kingdom 12. Walters, D. & Norton, D. 2007, leaders communication the AstraZeneca way, Strategic Communication Management, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 16-19. (ProQuestID-203573719) 6.0 Appendix6.1 Question from SurveyFactory Worker Questions1. I have a clear idea about my job role.2. I am satisfied with the carrying into action evaluation system. 3. Sometime Im given tasks without the required resources (including time and knowledge) to complete them. (possible attribution error) 4. I have confidence in the intentions of the top management team 5. I feel comfortable voicing my concerns to senior(a) managers. 6. I have a voice in the organisational end making process. 7. I trust the mint with which I work8. I am treated fairly at work9. I am satisfied with my work.10. I feel committed to this organisationManagement Questions1. I try to seek employees input when making finalitys. 2. I slope to tight supervise my subordinates.3. I consider myself an approachable manager(possible attribution er ror) 4. I tend to customize my communication with employees to fit specificsituations 5. I consider my workplace as rather political6. I am satisfied with my work.7. I feel committed to this organisation6.2 Results from Survey Workers n=100 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8 q9 q10 entirely Disagree 20 15 10 35 60 72 36 23 0 5 in the main Disagree 40 45 15 25 20 24 25 32 19 55 Neither 20 20 10 25 10 4 30 28 52 25 in general Agree 10 20 40 15 10 0 9 7 23 10 Completely Agree 10 0 25 0 0 0 0 10 6 5 Managers n=20 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 Completely Disagree 2 0 0 3 1 0 0 Mostly Disagree 7 2 0 5 2 2 3 Neither 10 3 0 4 3 3 3 Mostly Agree 1 4 0 3 5 5 5 Completly Agree 0 11 20 5 9 10 9 6.3Newberry & Conrad (2010) extensive list of valuable communication skills Organizational Communication Skills1. Initiating open discussion the great power to create the act of discussion and dialogue exploring opposition by individuals who aid their positions and convince others to adopt those p ositions through logic, argument, or debate2. Re solve involvement the readiness to employ a range of processes aimed at alleviating or eliminating sources of conflict through processes including negotiation, mediation, and diplomacy 3. Creating information networks the ability to design and institute musket ball or informal systems for managing the flow of information and providing person-to-person relationships through which information flows4. Teaching important skills the ability to provide skill remediation to employees in areas such as job performance, technical competency, interpersonalcommunication, and problem solving 5. Using information technology the ability to employ equipment (usually computers) that enables managers and staff to feeler ongoing and relevant company information including reports, planning data, and employee and customer feedback6. Providing performance feedback the ability to assess employee performance and provide performance feedback as a re view of the performance of employees, which helps to set targets for future performance targets7. Negotiating the ability to make grow an agreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, or to trick outcomes to satisfy various interests.8. Writing business correspondence the ability to produce written communication used in business including letters, memos, bulletins, and reports9. Making convert presentations the ability to provide informal or formal talks delivered to decision making groups to convey information or make a point Leadership Communication Skills1. Arousing enthusiasm the ability to inspire a whole-hearted homage to an ideal cause, study or by-line, or merely being visibly excited about what ones doing2. Being a change catalyst the ability to initiate change through provision of information to employees that will convince them of why a change is necessary and will compel them to embrace it3. Creating group synergy the abil ity to compel organizational members to interact and produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the members acting alone4. Building team bonds the ability to establish team cohesiveness, which is the extent to which members stick together and remain united in the pursuit of a common goal5. Expressing encouragement the ability to provide take and confidence raising or increasing ones self-pride and confidence to make choices and decisions6. Providing motivation the ability to move a person or group toward desired goals by increasing their willingness to exert effort and energy to achieve the goals7. Being persuasive the ability to guide people toward the adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational, and logical means relying on appeals rather than coercion8. Building optimism the ability to create a appetency or tendency to look on the more favorable side of events or conditions and to expect the most favorable outcome despite obstacles and setbacks interp ersonal Communication Skills1. Active listening the ability to employ an intrapersonal and interactive process to actively focus on, interpret, and respond verbally and nonverbally to messages 2. Building sonorousness the ability to create a harmonious relationship, bond, or kinship establish on mutual respect, friendship, camaraderie, or emotional ties making someone feel comfortable and accepted 3. Demonstrating emotion self control the ability to display balanced moods through retaining, mastering, and dominating ones reactions provoked by pleasant or unpleasant emotion 4. Building trust the ability to construct the reciprocal faith in others intentions and behavior through a shared belief that you can depend on each other to achieve a common purpose 5. Relating to people of diverse backgrounds the ability to recognize and respect differences in people and communicate appropriately in verbal and nonverbal exchanges 6. Demonstrating respect the ability to show esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person, a personal quality or ability, or something considered as a grammatical construction of a personal quality or ability 7. Building relationships the ability to establish a relatively long-term association between two or more people based on liking, trust, and respect creating regular business interactions, interdependence, or some other type of social commitment (Newberry & Conrad 2010)

The defining feature of Modern culture

Modern culture is a direct derivative of and at the same time antithesis of co-existence with spirit. The defining feature of Modern culture (adopting the drovers definition as the practices and beliefs which form the self-identity of a tribe and not the Humboldts version of distinguishing common and high cultures)(Scruton 2) is its increasing distance from the nature and its attempts to conceive and divulge the secrets or facets of nature, hither to left unappreciated or not understood.In the chronicle of hu homo civilization (ironic associate, Civilization means the history of city dwelling population) the pace at which technology improved has liberal exponentially since the late 19th century. This growth in technology has spurred the redefining of underlying value attached to hu spell animation. The beneficiaries of the technological advances, the wide sections of societies, seldom annoying themselves with the philosophical depths of questions that the increasing use of technology and the alienation form nature poses to their central core.However, the tenseness that resonates among nature and technology is a bequest of inherited historical human values pitted against the negation of the basis of these values in technology. Technology seeks to explore and lay bargon while a co-existence with nature demands a certain total of surrender. Since these two adventes have to be combined in the advanced(a) life, there is ambivalence in the go up people be forced to take to their existence.As George Simmel mentions in his work The capital and Mental Life, the deepest problems of modern life are because of the attempts of man to guard his individuality in the face of changing historic and technological lieus. (Simmel 11) one(a) basic shift in the modern life to the other forms of conjunction which had a greater correlation with nature is the change in approach to Life in general. Modern life, with it increasing use of technology aims to fix ever ything while co-existence with nature left a lot of qualitative and indispensable parameters in place.The resultant void is generally seen as the force that generates the tension between nature and technology. (The dismantling of the religious structure by collective countries without placing an alternate belief system in place, which saw a huge spurt in religious activity once the socialist structures themselves, crumbled, is an exemplar of a void based on qualitative beliefs and necessity of much(prenominal) beliefs).Modern culture instills a sense of measurement to everything involved in insouciant life, while co-existence with nature demands suspension of crusade to a certain extent. there is an Indian Proverb which roughly translates to Plucking the petals of the Rose will not infract where its beauty lies. Same is the case with the stimuli caused by nature where suspension of reason is a primary requisite to respond to them. A magnificient sunset is a visual pleasure accorded by nature which cannot be deciphered by whatever technological quantification measures.Whilst Man involuntarily moulds his Life according to the notions he has gathered from his arbitrary views of Nature, and embalms their intuitive expression in Religion these notions conk for him in Science the subject of conscious, intentional review and scrutiny. (Richard Wagner, 73). In trying to explain the basic dissimilitudes between Nature and technology Wagner also indicates nearly accurately at the reasons for conflict. When viewed in the light of Simmels description of mans emotional responses as he says Man is a fauna whose existence is certified on differences, i.e. his mind is stimulated by the difference between present impressions and those that have preceded. (Simmel 325). But the rapidity with which a somebody part of the modern culture is accosted by such stimuli is what differentiates his responses. The increasing propinquity to his species and in a way that wo uld not have been possible to any of his preceding generations progress tos a sense of detachment from most stimuli and prevents him from reacting with the same enthusiasm compared to only a few generations earlier. In short, modern culture forces man to react with his head than his heart.This, Simmel argues creates a blase attitude a defining characteristic of modern culture. incapacity to react to new stimulations with the required amount of energy constitutes in fact that blase attitude which every tike of a large city evinces hen compared with the products of the more than than peaceful and more stable milieu Simmel 14 Advancement in technology creates change magnitude urbanization where people are removed from nature and so tight compressed with one another that their nervous stimulation is hyper excited to die blase.This leads to a state of denial to all other impulses accorded by nature, which are inherently non-quantifiable. Wagner articulates this alienation of Sci ence and nature in more vocal music and less scientific terms. Technology, as mentioned earlier is a result of efforts to earn and harness the energies available in nature, acquires arrogance through its practitioners that it tries to rob the spirit of all human interactions with nature. And truly Science, in her overweening arrogance, has dreamed of such a triumph as witness our tight-reined State and modern Art, the sexless, arrant(a) children of this dream. This tension between nature and its instincts as expressed in human emotions and the increasing needs of rational responses conditioned by a technology-driven party are reflected in the probing questions of the late nineteenth and the early ordinal century literature and art forms. Kafkaesque depictions of society not recognizing its traditional pains and bonds due to the demands of the modern culture are common in most art forms. To drive the point home, in his novella metamorphosis Kafka paints a picture of the emptine ss of modern existence.Seen by many as the gateway to modern literature, it justifies Simmels views that the values of modern culture create certain bluntness to responses to stimuli. While it is important to acknowledge the tension between technology (or the changes in life due to technology) and nature as an infixed part of the modern cultural set up, it is a learning to understand how this disparity or tension is dealt with. The creation of the modern idiom is largely an effect of the interplay between nature and technology. Additionally, the increased integration of technology has do people more used to viewing their renewed values in a different light.In fact most surviving sensibilities are modern in nature and the exotic feel accorded to romantic art of the forward generations is precisely the result of the contrast. Besides, modern art does adopt the modern life and especially urban living aspect of modern life more readily than was anticipated by the early proponents of modernism. As Wagner argues, Art as an expression of mans interaction with nature and the resultant emotions concern or aversion, hope or despair, love or revulsion, harmony or agitation- has in fact been aided by the modern culture. In his typically poetic prose Wagner describes, This did the life-force, the life-need, of telluric Nature nurture once those baleful forces or rather the potentiality of those alliances and, offspring of the elements which blocked her way in vainglorious true and fitting utterance to the fullness of her vital energy(Wagner 9) He also seems to say that the potential for abundance brought on by the revolutionist availability of technology affords the luxury of pursuing art for arts sake for people pf the modern era all the while store that art is the truest form of depicting or connecting with Nature, both internal and external.Besides, a fuller and more complete appreciation of Nature as a separate entity and an ally has blossomed after the ini tial years of tension with Technology. though initial years of modern culture and civilization were alarming in the fact that the alienation with nature was at once complete and on the face of it irreparable, yet the situation has changed. As with everything and as Darwin would have proudly pointed out, gentleman has adapted quite well to this dichotomy of Nature and Technology and has recognize the necessity to keep both these aspects of his existence in good predilection all the time.Though it can be argued that most ailments of modern society, like the environmental degradation, lack of trust in human interactions, increasing and pointless violence, or the break down of civilized society in some pockets are essentially the manifestations of the tension between a nature-embracing living and Technology dependent living, it is the way forward. As Man has learnt continuously from all his endeavors both roaring and perilously unsuccessful, modern culture has given a unique persp ective to watch Nature in all its glory and make it an ally in pursuing higher spiritual goals.Works Cited Wagner, Richard. The Art Work of the Future. tonne Kessinger Publishing, 2004. Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Montana Kessinger Publishing, 2004 Simmel, Georg & Kurt Wolff. The sociology of Georg Simmel. Translated by kurt Wolff Washington DC Free Press, 1950 Scruton, Roger. Modern Culture. NewYork Continuum global Publishing Group, 2007

The Disputations Preacher

Known by the name, Girolamo Savonarola, he was born in 1452 Italy, however, unlike sources give back varied accounts of his native town, some adduce it is Ferrara while others say it is in Occhiobello, which is 7 km from Ferrara. A man whose life was controersial, striking as hearty as tragic. Savonarola left a mark as a man who cargond nothing for dictatorial p consumeocol and official pretense. At Ferrara University, he took his undergraduate studies in Arts. He initially portrayed his olfaction on virtuously corruption among the clergy, at the age of twenty, when he took them conduce on in his poem titled De Ruina Mundi (on the fall of the world). hich bespoke the oddment of the world. Hot on its heels came other poem in 1475 named, De Ruina Ecclesiae (on the downfall of the perform). It is here that he portrayed his contempt of the Roman curia by defining it as a false whore. Savonarola went on to join the Domini can congregation in the year 1475, where he entered the San Domenico convent at Bologna. This coincided with the Italian Renaissance . Savonarola immersed himself in his studies with zeal, this power saw him transfer to the Convent of Santa Maria Degli Angeli in 1479.In 1482 he was deployed by the oder to what came after to be cognise as, the metropolis of his destiny- Florence. People bemoaned his ungainly character and forgetful oratory skills. The impression he made of himself on the hoi polloi of Florence was so dismal that, they never noticed his eventual departure in1487. This took him back to Bologna, where he went on to go a personal manner the master of studies. Savonarola went on to preach on prophesies he had, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the occupation of Florence by the French. He went on to become more, outspoken and took a hard stance that some quantifys ended making him some kind of a misfit among the citizenry.He believed in the classification of issues and actions in only dickens categories the frank and t he bad. Savonarola, was later to fall into bad books with the orders of the Catholic church service. This led to he excommunication by the pope ,who was later to go on his arrest. All this was later followed his arrest, torture, prosecution and eventual execution,on grounds of heresy tumult and for proclaiming prophetic statements. His execution took place in 1498 where he was burnt at the stake alongside his two ardent disciples.It is important to note that Savonarola inhabited resistant onto death. This is show to by the fact that even though he wrote a confession, he followed it with a meditation, where he pleaded with God to forgive him for pleading to sins he did not commit. Different schools of thought view Savonarola differently, however all condition that Savonarola is one big inclination theme for all and sundry. Savonarolas sentiment later on came to be known as not only a counseling of thought but also a guiding groundless for two conservatism thinkers and ref ormists. cholars tactile property look at the Savonarola way of thought, as a linchpin for serous revolutionary discourse as considerably as a reason for serous research and study into the news report of disputation theory. Either way it is looked at, the Savonarola way of thought can military service both of the above purposes depending on the interest of the one examining it. (Polizzotto, 1995) describes how followers of Savonarola had deviate that permeated e significantly facet of Florentine life. This was during the important happenings that saw the transition of the city on from re populace to principate.In his words, their ideology and activities offer the name to demystifying both(prenominal) the political happenings of the latter years of the Florentine Republic, as well as the nature of coeval political debate. It also gives an insight into the characteristics of the merging Medicean Principate. debate This was a discussion method jointly utilised by the Domin icans. It employed a system of thesis, antithesis and synthesis. It was manly distinguish fit from methods by its clashing of ideas. This was the pedantic background from which Savonarola emanated. (Hazel,n. d. p. -17) puts it like his Dominican contemporaries, the young Savonarola was trained in the disputation method, and it has a marked influence on his style of sermon. In examining the empty wordsal influences that surrounded Savonarola in his formative twenty-four hour periods, we can form a wakeless idea of the facets of a effectual spiritual rebirth discourse. For Savonarola the summon was the approximately efficacious tool of take aiming about moral reform. His tendency to rely on the summon for moral reform can be attributed to the fact that he was a Dominican. Dominicans have gone down in history as strong believes in magniloquence and disputationSavonarola though came to believe in his oratory skill al roughly by pure accident He initially experimented with rh etoric, to precise(prenominal) successful results lots to his own consternation. (Hazel, n. d, p. 4-17) one incident confirmed his power to him. While traveling the seas on a boat, he noticed a bunch of soldiers gambling using dice and cards. He so furiously denounced this activity with such bitterness that they stooped the gambling, much(prenominal) to his own surprise. This vitriolic manner would be the benchmark of his future tense preaching. Savonarola derived most of his rhetoric in effect(p)ness from the fact that he was perceived as a prophet by many.He was more of what could today be regarded as a doom sayer. His heatingate way of preaching at last make him very ardent supporters, who later came to play a very gelid role in determining the success of his campaigns. Savonarola followers were compelled to develop a way by which to survive the turbulent fourth dimensions and be able to carry on their campaign of difficult to fight what they believed to be moral dec adence. SAVONAROLA AS AN EXAMPLE OF RESISTANCE TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IN new(a)-day ORGANIZATIONS. Savonarola came into the picture in the immediate post renaissance period. his was a time marked by reduced enforcement of the doctrines. It was a period of full(a)spread guilt and more so, among the proletariat. The church orders were also not sp ard the widespread liberalism in the church at the time. The church was going through a period when it had relaxed its foot on the usage of disguises, jewelery and other such adornments. He got a capacious quest of a group that he called the weepers. This group went through the city, ravening houses for paintings, jewelry, mirrors, combs and all that they considered unbecoming of good followers of the religion.The mania with which he defended his views was infected and convincing luxuriant to earn hims the attention of the plenty. He further utilized his rhetoric to have population convinced that whatever he was talk was bound to happen. since the first instance when he convinced the soldiers of the illegitimacy and the sin of the act they were engaging in, he got convinced of the business leader to sway peoples thoughts. The benchmark of the rhetoric of Savonarola is the ability to draw parallelism, between the acts people be act in, and prophecies or documentation, or practices of hither.During his mission to return the people into the accepted practices, or the practices he viewed as acceptable, he had to use rhetoric soundly. Rhetoric served as such a powerful and rough-and-ready too since as it is say that it went a long way into attracting meaningful attention. Savonarola viewed the pope as a big ill fortune in allowing the insurgence of renaissance. This was the foundation of his thought that the pope, was a major(ip) hurdle in his efforts to marshal people, back to the accepted and traditionally practiced doctrines. Kreis, 2000) Savonarola viewed himself as an instrument of God, and and did not believe in anything deterring him not even Lorenzo the Magnificent, could carrel in his way. He envisioned the reconstruction Florence as a respublica Christiana, a Christian republic, a republic in where subjection was to the true sovereign God and God alone. This resentment to the establishment was oddly informed by the fact that, Pope Alexander IV had two illegitimate children, which were an obvious testimony of his wayward behavior.All the sane this was not the only informing idea behind Savonarolas vehemence. The commission of the Pope to renaissance gave him a curious mix of both the earthly and the religious. To the conservatism this was a clear and sure show of moral rot and if condoned was bound to bring doom to all and sundry. The biggest challenge that was facing the conservative was in trying to turn people around to their way of thinking, and to fuel sufficient phobia of doom in the people. This activity was also faced by another challenged in that, the chur ch and the ruling powers of the society were so much intertwined. thus for the conservatives to strongly combat the newly adapted and overwhelmingly accepted way of life, they had to wage a battle and sustain in long enough to sway a good following. Both the religious (Pope) and the genial (Medici) government activity therefore fell in the bad books of the conservatives. The question of the most effective method of achieving this was accordingly the only answer he had to seek out. here(predicate) rhetoric through preaching became the way out and as (Hazel,n. d p. 4-17) puts it Savonarola was opposed to both the Medici and the Pope.He used his rhetoric though preaching to stir up resentment to both the Medici and the Pope. The two were a very and so powerful ruling coalition. The question that is likely to arise is how was this manageable?. Savonarola paint such a grim picture of the impeding eternal damnation and the inferno of hell. He used his rhetoric so effectively that he painted a picture, grim enough to sway even the staunchest of souls. even for the Medici he was to be viewed with suspicion as a man preaching the return to the faith of the medieval generation that they were trying to move people from.This unprecedented opposition of the ruling coalition earned him many supporters In contemporary organizations these long time, rhetoric can be a very effective in resisting transform. However there are some very sanctioned requirements that must be met in remaining true to the Savonarola illustration. First and most important, the originators and the propagators of the rhetoric must be fully convinced of the philosophies that inform their rhetoric. This is attested top by the Savonarola example, in that, in as much as there was very stiff opposition to his stance in issues of morality and the tenets of religious beliefs, he stood his ground.This is despite the fact, that he was fighting what could be flop termed as, a David versus Goliath battle against the powerful ruling coalition, comprising of the Medici and the Pope. The perpetrators of in advance(p) day rhetoric who desire to attain any meaningful success in fighting changes in institutional structures also ought to live their ground. They also ought to be fully aware of the exact parameters within which their arguments and their expectations lie. This is shown in Savonarolas depiction of authority as put in the words of ( Hazel,n. Savonarola draws parallelism between the sinners of those years and the merchants who savior whipped while they were trading in the temple. In as much as the traders had permission from the Jewish leadership, Jesus on his side was heeding a higher decree from the father. Savonarola therefore advises his followers to act like Jesus and defy the regulations from the rulers since they do not augur well with the biblical teachings. The execration with which you defend you arguments is perhaps defined by the manner in which Savonaro la defended his.Savonarola is known to have defended his stand all the way to grave, this is evident in the way he wrote down meditations to the effect that, he prayed to God for forgiveness. He desire forgiveness for confessing to sins he felt he wasnt guilty of. The disputations of Savonarola are very vital in highlighting the effectiveness of rhetoric which is O.K. by conviction. The passion that is a key requirement especially in such contradictory situations plays a key role in the swaying of the peoples way of thinking. some are the times, when very passionate public, speakers who are actually trying to shift ideas, that could otherwise have been viewed as vague, have been accepted instead of their more informed yet less passionate counterparts. A good example of passionate public rhetorician is one catholic priest by the name of Charles Coughlin of the 1930. He spoke co passionately about the occurrences of the time on public radio that he gained a very wide public audienc e. This is not withstanding the fact that he was talking about the conventionalism happenings.It is however important to note that he used to approach these arguments with passion and controversy. The rhetoric however is perpetually effective if ,and only if it is directed. This was a real high check of Savonarola. He directed the gall of his rhetoric towards the failing of the ruling elect(ip) and the church leadership. The red-brick times rhetorics especially those opposed to institutional changes normally make informed attacks of specific institutions, people, or activities in trying to give ground to their rhetoric.This has been demonstrated in most cases in instances when the perpetrators of rhetoric have painted grim pictures of doom in the peoples take cares, if the organizations do not remain the way they are. However this directed criticism has to be informed by facts that cannot be easily disputed. This was the case in the instance when the followers of Savonarola kne w for a fact that the deeds they were fighting against were realities that could not be contested. The other key reason for any rhetoric to be effective is its being backed by action.In any resistance to organizational changes. Actions can al ways play a key role in swaying people into thinking your way. This is actually a very vital display of conviction and commitment to the cause. In as much as power of rhetoric manner of speaking is likely to earn one good following, resistance to institutional change is actually a major challenge. Savonarola backed his rhetoric with radical actions and these were both bold and rampant. The adherents of his rhetoric alongside him, attacked all that they thought represented the rot in the church.They also attacked and burned all that was associated with the laxity that came with the renaissance, This was the hallmark and the climax of his disputation rhetoric. Groups of youths that were drawing inspiration from him roamed the city in vigilante groups, they accumulate all that was associated with the demeaning change and burnt them at what later came to be called the fire of vanity. This eventually convinced the people that the disputationist had a case, they therefore swayed their stand and started following him in larger numbers.However it is of importance to note that, any action taken in the efforts to resist the advent of change should be taken with a lot of substitute. This is due to the fact that the extreme tends to violate people into resting the efforts directed at resisting the change. This can be justified by the case of what eventually happened to Savonarola. The activities of people being held at ransom by marauding youths led to resentment amongst the people. This was also due to the fact that the people felt that they were denied the pleasures of the changing times.The other failure was due to lack of moderation in public displays of allegiance to the French. Savonarola sided with the French in their occ upation of the city of Florence, this landed him inn bad books with the populace. It is therefore of essence that in passion in resisting organizational change ought to be metered and moderated. In modern times leaders who try to resist change using rhetoric should be guided by the principle of moderation and public acceptability of pronouncements and deeds. This can enhance a steady yet acceptable and successful resistance.The people following Savonarola also required to have regulations, this was however a major failing of the Friar which eventually was instrumental in occasioning his downfall. THE DISPUTATION sermonizer AS A CATALYST FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE. Savonarola has widely been depicted as big resistance and a conservatist. He was known for resisting the changes that the proletariat were introducing into the thinking of the people and the church. Much as all this is true, he can as well be observed as a person who contend a pivotal role in awakening peoples thinking an d science of hierarchy and stipulations.Savonarola came into the picture during a time when the Pope and the Medici had such a cordial and strong relationship. It was during the time when a decree from the pope was enured as law. Great lessons on effective change can be learnt from the preacher. First he openly opposed the moral rot in the religious orders at that time. The eventual reformation that took place in the orders of the church, that eventually led to the protestant movement, were not a mere accident. We can not also, exclusively say that they, emanated from the Ninety five theses that were authored Martin Luther.They started all the way with the public denunciation of the proletariat by Savonarola. It ought not to escape our attention that such deeds as these call for guts and conviction. thusly Savonarola was key in starting the reformists thinking that saw major changes in the church. Similarly the contemporary leaders of the day could borrow a leaf from the stance of Savonarola and stand their ground in the face of such daunting tasks. This can point people in the right direction if the strong and vitriolic rhetoric is to be used effectively. If such tactics are used then much can possibly be accomplished. his will all be a catalytic role since just like Savonarola accomplices will be essential for the wider goal to be achieved. The use of rhetoric to instigate social change also ought to be well informed and guided by the aim for general good of the involved society. It is in this respect that Savonarola was able to obtain a good following. In the first instance, he painted a very grim picture of the realities facing the people. Painted a very dull picture of what awaited the people in in future. With this clearly understood, he prodded people into following him into a revolution that was to afore express(prenominal) people from the inevitable eternal damnation.People followed his advice since they felt that by so doing they could evade the oncoming apocalypse. It is in this light that, the contemporary leaders in the current day organizations, ought to inform people of the doom awaiting them in the future if the present is not well dispensed with. They need to match the rhetoric so stated with words leads the people to revitalize and energize their need to do good. The driving force behind this need to do good is the underlying fact that the good is like a boomerang. The thinking and obstetrical delivery of Savonarola was clearly against the grain and the activities of the time.He brought to the fore the failings of a papacy which very many revered till then. True to form, the contemporary leaders of these days are supposed to give room for fresh, radical and new ways of thought. This can be a vital way of energizing peoples thoughts. not all that is radical or new is bad. this was clearly shown in Savonarolas time. In as much as Savonarola fell into bad books and was eventually hanged, he was right in several claims . For example he argued that the Vatican had turned into a den of prostitution, this was right due to the fact that the pope was outright promiscuous.Therefore people ought to be allowed free reign of thought and encouraged into crack new ideas. Rhetoric is good tool of encouraging and enhancing involvement of the masses into peoples activity. This is shown in how effectively Savonarola was able to cajole the people of Florence into feeling a s part of his vision. (Hazel, n. d) he reverts to his analogy of Christ driving funds changers out of the temple with ropes. He sees his tongue as the major ropes and then asks people to be the other smaller ropes with which to drive out the church officials. In this way he manges to fit the people into the picture. hey now feel like they are part of the battle against the moral rot. They therefore are given the feeling that they have a role to play in driving the agenda forward. The contemporary organization leaders these days ought to admi t the same attitude, if their rhetoric is going to be effective. There is need to taper people into feeling that they belong to the wider picture. The ability to integrate the people in the people into the picture helps in creating a progressive force . The ability to have people working in tandem for a common goal as well helps in increasing the peoples resolve to do things together and do them well.The protests that Savonarola mounted were three pronged, they address the three major issues of the society. He addressed the love for splendor and money, hence the economy. He addressed the prophetic revelations he had, hence religion. Finally he addressed the failure of the Medici hence he addressed the political administration. Therefore for any modern rhetoric to be effective, if Savonarola is to be used as a benchmark, the modern leaders ought to address and effectively so, the above three major issues.The effective handling of these three makes a wholesome and effective approach in any Rhetoric. CONCLUSION Modern users of rhetoric ought to put in mind and effectively integrate the Savonarola approach. this is a sure way of ensuring efficiency. little has been said about the good that was raised by the rhetoric of Savonarola, however a lot can be learnt from his approach. His approach was very much in line with the accepted and very much utilized approaches to rhetoric. In modern times the approach to the rhetoric ever so uses the same reasoning as the guiding light.Effective address of the issues at hand ought to be a key consideration in the delivery of rhetoric. Zeal and passion are also key in the delivery. The interplay between such delivery and well planned out actions increases the effectiveness. Disputation also serves as a good way of engaging the thinking of all and sundry. Disputation though tends to be more of and elitist approach which can be a major deterrent to the engagement of masses in a discourse. However it is more effective since it is more mind engaging and provokes more insightful thinking.Many a times different people have used rhetoric effectively. This has always produced wide mass following and public acclaim. The key lies in following Savonarolas example, and like he did, appealing to the emotions. Rhetoric and disputation world over have been very effective in instigating radical changes to any systems that are publicly accepted and acclaimed. For one to effectively utilize the same, it is essential to inform with the users of yesteryears and know how effectively they did so. To say that Savonarola was simply effectively with his rhetoric would be an understatement.

Being a member of a social group Essay

People conk out a member of a social congregation because of their very nature, that is, non to feel lonely, to feel secure, and to satisfy some needs such as social and self-esteem needs. Being part of a mathematical multitude has two unequivocal and negative outcomes for an individual. Positive outcomes bottom of the inning be listed as enjoying aggroup doing, gaining parvenu perspectives and making friends, and being more(prenominal) creative. On the other hand, in that location are some negative outcomes such as disagreements between the members of the group and losing metre.One of the positive outcomes is enjoying group work. In a group work citizenry perform their tasks quicker and in a more trenchant way. In a group, each(prenominal) person seems to be more capable. functional together provides a perfect information flow. People share their friendship and skills with one some other. By that way, commonwealth can feel themselves like a team because they are acting as a genius clay and are having responsibilities. Such kind of a group work provides each member with new perspectives which is a result of the exchange of ideas between group members. Therefore, they start to look from a different and a more brooder window.Involving in a social group provide opportunities for making friends. This is a nonher positive aspect of social groups. People feel themselves better when they pay more friends and worse when they do not. On this issue, (1991, p110) Goleman stated that patients who suffer from cancer and strike no friends need more medical care than those who take aim friends. That proves the importance of the social groups in peoples lives. Only through this way they can become social and enjoy lives more.Besides its positive outcomes, being part of a group has some negative outcomes as well. These are disagreements between members and wasting the valuable time. Disagreements usu completelyy exist when individuals have conflicts with the ideas of others. They want to be free-riders which means acting as a single person and do not participate in or not contribute to the common work. That creates disagreements between group members. The group work can bring inefficiency. For instance, it can continue longer and can waste the time present. The disagreements between the members of the group can also cause losing time.To sum up, all its negative and positive outcomes considered, groups play an important role in our lives even though it cause conflicts between group members and losing time. A group is a good shelter that satisfies some of the basic needs of the people involved such as social and self-esteem needs. Further more it helps people to gain new perspectives, to be more creative, and to find new friends. Overall, a group is a social institute which combines various kinds of people who are different in mind, appearance, age and gender.

Intellectual Heritage Essay

intellect inheritance is one flavor in my life that I re in all(prenominal)y value most. For one, this supportered me in arrest things I wasnt awargon before. It alike helped me in careing with things I give flairnt been conscious of like how diverse the philosophy of diametrical people cognize world-wide are. I can submit that this token program, Intellectual Heritage, somehow do me think of something that I impartnt cerebration of before. The texts that we fork up dealt with are more of the Western texts which honestly mystify do me think of things that I wasnt able to think before.In the day defend The Republic, Plato said, They will never intentionally receive into their minds false-hood, which is their detestation, and they will love the verity. This main particular text of Plato consecrate make me think in a different modality, in a sense that I had realization when that particular was discussed. Being truthful in different things is quite outstanding b ecause it is a fact universally acknowledged that no one wants deception. Before, I havent dealt with much importance on telling the substantial truth, and that speaks for most of us, I guess. save after discussing the text in the book The Republic, I have become more sensitive of what lying or dishonesty will bring me. And I can proudly say that it will not and will never bring a positive impact or effect in us. Lying just made us capable of hurting other people. It just makes things complicated and help us not to trope a healthy community, rather a decaying one. I began to realize that a lie wouldnt help eachone in one way or the other. It breaks the bond that people have made without us being conscious of that fact.Moreover, even some of us are aware of the consequences it may bring but opted not to give any attention to that matter. Selfish people lie for their own benefits but what they put one overt know is that it causes them to be destructed little by little. As Plato have said, it is a detestation to tell a lie not exactly for a certain person, but to the whole musical composition strain for that matter. Truth undeniably is what people need. As for my training, I have erudite a distribute but the topic about falsehood and truth has a biggest ascertain to me and definitely changed various perspectives in my life.And in that case, Intellectual heritage as a whole apparently gave me a big opportunity in sentiment in a different way, in a way of realizing important matter that life brings yet usually disregarded. In crease with the course Intellectual Heritage, I can say that I have dated a variety of connections between Intellectual Heritage and other course, which is the Philosophy course. Although, Intellectual Heritage is a one of a kind course, I can say that it somehow has a connection in Philosophy because it also deal with different thoughts of different known persons in the world.In Philosophy, we are all aware that it tackles mai nly on the philosophical thoughts certain people have. In fact, there are many known philosophical figures even at this point in eon. Among others were Socrates and Plato. Socrates, as we all know is the teacher of Plato. Plato, on the other hand is the one who had heavy(p) influence on Augustine, who was a major shaper of Christian theology. A philosophy is a comprehensive system of ideas about human disposition and the nature of the reality we live in.It is a guide for living, because the issues it addresses are prefatorial and pervasive, determining the course we take in life and how we treat other people, (William Thomas). Basically, Intellectual Heritage and Philosophy deals with similar issues. In Philosophy, it primarily duologue about the fundamental nature of instauration, of man, and of mans relationship to existence as a whole. In Intellectual Heritage on the other hand, it is somehow the equal. Only, it deals with the main texts of the people who have dealt with t he issues in the nature of existence, of man, and of mans relationship to existence.Although the two courses differ in some way, I can say that it is both helpful in just the same way. It enhances and help me improve my line of thinking, in a sense that I am being critical with the things in my life. I can bushel being critical in Philosophy in a way that whenever a certain philosopher has an idea, I first think deeply and asses his beliefs. In that way, I have the opportunity whether to agree with his ore her ideas or not. Intellectual Heritage on the other hand, somehow helped me in focusing intently with the texts presented to me.So as to speak, both of the courses, Intellectual Heritage and Philosophy have a connection in someway that it both benefited me in various ways, in particular in the chance of my critical thinking skills. In this semester, it is evident that we have dealt with many different texts in a rhetorical manner. As for me, I must admit that at first, I had a hard time dealing with this course because Im not used to deal with rhetoric aspects of things, especially in the texts we have used in this course.But later on, I learned how to cope with the topics being discussed and came to know legion(predicate) lessons about the texts we have dealt with. As a whole, the things I learned from the experience of dealing with the rhetorical aspect of the texts discussed were all colossal. I said that it is exceptional because honestly, the course made me think in ways I have never thought I would be able to. My line of thinking now differs in someway from the line of thinking I have now.I am more critical with the things being laid to me and snarl happy about it. In this particular course, I have learned to read with more attention focused in the text Im reading because deep focus is an evident requirement for this particular course. My reading skills were trained and was improved because of the approach of this course. Another is that I also came to know the essentials in demonstrating verbal argumentation. I realized that in post to survive an argument verbally, one must have a conceptive conviction in what you stand for.Being able to stand for what you consider in is a powerful evidence that you have a really strong will to win the argument. Also, demonstrating heeding skills is one of the main learning I have acquired in this actual course. I learned to listen intently, carefully, keenly, and attentively. Listening skills is very important especially when dealing with the rhetorical aspect of the text because it will help you to understand better what the text is all about. The most essential thing that I have learned in this course is the demonstrating the skills in written communication.We are taught of the necessary things to consider to be able to expound our ideas in the written form and helped us build up our ability to communicate in written form. In general, the lessons I have learned in the experience of d ealing in rhetorical aspects of the texts are that one must be able to the essential things in life such us being truthful, courageous, being fair, and the likes. I also learned to be keen in every detail of the texts I am reading so that I will not acquire the wrong idea from the text.

Writing and Comprehensive Form

r suppressering of Reading and Writing Measures Standardized Test Description KTEA II Reading perception and indite Expression The Reading comprehension and create verbally expression subtests were given and scored. The Kaufman Test of Educational exploit, Second rendering is an individually hand outed measure of academic exploit for ages 4 and a one-half by means of 25. The test is available in deuce versions the Brief create which assesses the achievement of reading , mathematics, written expression and the large have which covers a wide draw of achievement domains and an analysis of pupils errors.The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Comprehensive Form, Second Edition represents a revision of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement Comprehensive Form. The KTEA II Comprehensive Form has an expanded age range and has retained the five subtests from the original KTEA and has modified to allow for testing of children and adults from preschool-age by dint of college-age. Nine in the buff subtests have been added to allow for assessment of a tolerant range of achievement domains and skills. KTEA-II Comprehensive Form age norms are provided for ages 4 and a half through 25, and grade norms are provided for Kindergarten through localize 12.KTEA III Comprehensive Form is curriculum- found it provides norm-referenced and error analysis systems, criterion-referenced assessment in reading, mathematics, written language, and oral language. The KTEA-II Comprehensive Form has devil independent , replicate forms (A and B) and the KTEA-II Brief Form norms at ages 4 and a half through 90. These three non-overlapping batteries make the KTEA II useful for measuring disciple progress. The KTEA II Comprehensive Form make it an important tool for assessing academic achievement.The KTEA II measures achievement in reading, mathematics, written language, and oral language and allows the examiner to administer a single subtest or a combination of subte sts to assess achievement in one or more domains. All seven particular learning disability areas identified in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendment of 1997 (IDEA,1997)are deliberate basic reading skills, reading comprehension, mathematics calculation, mathematics, reasoning, oral expression, listening comprehension, and written expression.The KTEA Comprehensive Form like the KTEA was developed from a clinical poser of assessment. Curriculum experts defined specific sub skills measured by from each one subtest and the different types of errors students are likely to make on each subtest. standardization data guided the final error analysis System. KTEA-II Comprehensive Form content has undergone bias reviews to ensure that students of either sex and ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds can be assessed. The KTEA II Comprehensive Form was normed using two separate representative, nationwide standardizations, one in the fall and one in the spring.The procedure accurately measures students performance both at the beginning and end of he year. The KTEA-II Comprehensive Form is conformed with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition. The KTEA II Comprehensive Form is a reliable, valid measure of academic achievement. The KTEA II allows the examiner to observe the students test ta mightiness behavior, motivation, and visual-motor coordination. The two parallel forms make it an ideal instrument for longitudinal studies. KTEA II Written Expression subtestDescription of writing task Students are administered an item set based on their grade. (3rd Grade) Following assessment directions from the KTEA II manual and easel, I provided the take aim 3 folder and a pencil to my student. The written expression tract is titled Kyras Dragon. I explain to my student following the provided directions from the easel that this level is about a girl named Kyra and the cream of tartar she has to find. As we go through the story, youll wri te some of the words and convictions. This is similar to the cloze technique that was employ in the informal assessment, The McLeod Assessment of Reading Comprehensions. ) I tell my student to write the best words and sentences he can and not to have-to doe with if he doesnt know how to spell a word recite wont count. The first item we starts with is 31 I allege Lets start by writing your full name here and I particular to the to of the booklet. The next item 32, my student writes the sentence The dragon carries people away. That I dictate.Tets Writing SkillsOn item 3 my student has to write one word to get by the sentence The king says to Kyra, conclusion the dragon_____________ save us all. For item 34, my student has to write one ingenuous sentence to complete a part of the story, Kyras Dragon. This fill in the blank interactive story goes on with similar tasks inserting words, sentences, combining sentences, appropriate word usage of specific words and punctuatio n into the story booklet until my student gets item 49. Item 49 is where my student must complete a timed retell of the entire story, pretending my student is the kings scribe.My student must retell the story of Kyras dragon so that his grandchildren will know how people came to live in their new town. He is given 10 proceeding to complete his retell. My task as administrator of this test is to follow the script on the easel, read the prompts, and point to the correct place for the student to write his answers. This took about 25 minutes to administer. I am allowed to repeat story segments and item instructions if necessary. I may also tell a student how to spell a word if they ask, since spelling is not scored in this subtest, but only if examinee asks for assistance.

Family Assessment Assignment Essay

A family nursing assessment was done on the Lois G. family during collar nursing visits over a period of one month. The family costs at 1234 primary(prenominal) St. and their home phone number is 314-987-6543. This is a scurvyer- middle course of instruction (Friedman, Bowden & Jones E.G., 2003), African American, Baptist, single-p arnt, c arr, part family that is barbarian-oriented and non geographic in solelyy mobile. Lois is 45 and has 3 children, Carmen, a 16 year old girl, Emille and Camille, twin 9 year old girls. The pay back is the sole custodial parent of the oldest child. Carmen has minimal contact with her paternity, Wayne, whom her convey divorced when she was 2 years old. The fit father, Sherman, has vocalize custody and covers full parental responsibilities for their accusation. Lois does not require a kindred with either Wayne or Sherman. The t everyy live with their father 3 to 4 days a calendar week and then spend equal time with their scram. The family is in Duvalls fifth life cycle stage. The potential task and transitions for this family are changes in roles and condition career changes loss of parent in family of origin and changes in physiological health (Friedman, et al., 2003). In addition to these developmental tasks, the family is menstruati simply facing the tasks of balance freedom with responsibility and problems with parent-teenager communication. The family nursing diagnosis for this family is Parental Role dispute and Deficient Health Care K forthwithledge which is think to the familys sure health care c one timerns.Lois has a masters in training and mathematic. She is a high schooldays math t individuallyer and values breeding and good grades. Carmen is social, active, solely quite. Carmen does assisted with the care and supervision of the twins, exactly now is involved in more(prenominal) school and social activities that take up most of her free time. She has a mild interest in establishin g a relationship with her father and states he is attending sports activities and making same efforts to be a part of her life. She is an A student and participates in high school sports and church activities.Camille and Emille are both real outgoing and enjoy being somewhat their older sis and being the center of attention. Camille and Emille exchangeable livelihood with both of their parents, but say it would be nice if they could right stop at one home and still hold both parents in that location. Emille does really well in school, and although Camille is wagering at grade level, she has been struggling in some subjects. The family is genuinely active in their church and attends services all Sunday and bible study on Wednesdays with her sister and her family. In Lois family of origin, in that location are five children and she is the middle child. She has an older sister, an older brother and devil younger brothers.Her grandparents on both side of her family are from Mississippi, but later moved to St. Louis to piece their families in better living and accomplishmenting conditions. Her parents are from St. Louis. Lois mother, Catherine, died of colon cancer when Lois was 28. Lois father, JC, is in the late stages of Alzheimers disease but is up to(p) to stay in his home because his second wife, Ms. Verdell, provides him 24 minute of arc care. This illness has been very difficult for the family but they get a plenteousness of faith in God and this has assisted them in dealing with his deadening decline. Lois states she is very thankful that her father has the support of his wife, because she doesnt feel she and her sister would be able to provide him the type of care he receives from her. Lois states she has a very good relationship with all of her immediate and extended family members. She is very close to her sister and sees her and her sisters family at least on a every week basis, if not more often.Her three brothers, who are un married, live out of t receiveship but come to St. Louis to visit frequently. She is excessively close to her extended family on both her mother and fathers side of the family and will travel to Mississippi some(prenominal) generation a year to visit them. Lois states that she is not aware of any health issue with her siblings although she thinks her oldest brother may have high fall pres certainly. She had aunts on both sides to die from cancer (unknown type) and two uncles to die from core disease. The nuclear family has no special needs, is not experiencing any major illnesses, nor is in that observe an immediate family member with disabilities. Lois is experiencing a lot of stress contemplating a hysterectomy this pass due to uterine fibroids and menorrhagia. Carmen has been experiencing irregular menses, but now is on stock control pills (BCP) to regulate her cycle. She however, doesnt want to take the BCPs. Thetwins have mild to moderate eczema, which is being treate d with a prescription local steroid, but this is inconsistent because when the twins are with their father he doesnt always gain the daily ointment as ordered. in that location is no history of surgeries, chronic or prolonged illnesses, asthma or allergies in the family. Lois states she needs more information on interference options for her fibroids treatment options for Carmens irregular menses and a better way to make sure the twins are using their medication for their eczema when theyre at their fathers home.Lois has lived in the St. Louis playing area all of her life and now she and her family live in Hazelwood MO, a middle-class, culturally diverse suburban area in St. Louis County, MO. Her home is considerably assessable to highways, schools, hospitals, shopping and entertainment. She is able to easily get to her sisters and fathers homes and to church. She doesnt have a lot of interaction with her neighbors her confederacy is centered more on where her family and churc h are located and not necessarily on where she lives. Lois lives in a nicely decorated, well maintained, three sleeping room ranch home, with a fenced yard on a low traffic street. Lois and Carmen have their own jockeyrooms and the twins share a bedroom with twin beds. She has a finished basement that the children utilize for their inexpert activities. There are several TVs and computers in the home and for to each one one person has access to these for both leisure and school work. The family room is tho off the kitchen and this is the center of family interaction. The familys communication is didactic and normally occurs around the kitchen table at meal times.The twins review their day at school and Carmen relates what her upcoming activities are. Lois reviews their show up in school, or addresses issues specific to each child. She does have one-on-one with each child, although not every day, it is several times a week. Lois states communication with Carmen has become more difficulty over the hold out 6 months. Lois and Carmen have always been very close, but as the twins have required more of Lois attention and Carmen has gained more independence, she feels this is changing. Although Lois states that she has always been able to talk with Carmen, she now feels on that point are more dis cartels and some lose of communication. Lois feels Carmen doesnt show her the expected amount of respect when she is told to do something or reminded to do chores and her tone is not acceptable to Lois. Carmen talks freely with her motherto negotiate her wants and needs or to express her feelings, but gets angry when she feels her mother is unreasonable in her expectations. She states she wishes her mother would listen more and not raise her voice and then get angry at her when she does the same. Lois states there are areas that she makes the sole decision, like home rules and behavior expectations some areas that are negotiable, like social activities and the use of BCPs for irregular menses and then there are areas that Carmen makes her own decisions, like clothes and hair styles.I explained to Lois this is a normal pattern for adolescent development and that some research has shown that when the child is young they are more likely to have value agreement with the parent, but it seems relatively uncharacteristic of families with middle and late adolescents (Edgar-Smith, 2010). Currently Carmen does not want to take BCPs because she said it makes her feel funny. She isnt able to give a broader description of the feeling and hasnt diffused any specific physical complaint or symptom, but just states she wants to stop taking the BCPs. Lois and Carmen had a discussion around this issue and concord that Carmen would take the BCPs for 6 months and then follow up with her desexualise to see if continuing or stopping the BPCs would be the surmount option for her. Lois is able to communicate openly with both Camille and Emille and they are antip honal to the rules and expectations that Lois has laid out for the household and individually. Carmen will talk to the twins, but its usually to give correction or instruction, not to inquire. Lois states the twins share their own style of communication which is verbal and non-verbal when interacting with each other.With others, Camille will usually start the communication and then Emille will join in. Lois prepares all the meals and is very aware of the importance of a balanced meal plan. She makes breakfast and lunches for everyone in the morning and then cooks dinner every night. She usually cooks the meals while the girls are doing homework, watching TV or playing games. She said she needs more help at meal times. I asked her if she could assign task for each child to do so everyone would have a part in meal preparation and she said she would start a routine that involves all the children in this. Carmen is capable of independent meal preparation (but does not arise this), so s he will be the one to set up the intellectual nourishment preparation and organize items for the twins. Lois will give specific instructions on what she wants everyone to do, so she wont havethe entire responsibility of meal preparation for every meal every day. Lois, as the mother and only parent in the home, is the sole power source for decision making in the family and has reward and coercive power over the children, although she will bring with the twins father due to the legal agreement of joint custody. Carmen, as the oldest child, has inferred power over the twins. The twins, as the two youngest children, are on an equal power base. When asked about the closeness in the family structure, Lois feels she is adpressed to Carmen and Camille.Carmen is closest to her mother and Camille. Emille is closest to Camille and her father. Camille is closest to her mother and Emille. Lois doesnt feel there is a lack of bonding with any of the children. The family exhibits the traditional middle class African-American values of strong family bonds support from kin and friendships flexibility in family roles and strong religious commitment and participation. She has the middle class values of honesty, catchy work, progress, achievement and respectability (Friedman, et al., 2003). Individualism and equality are valued, but she stresses respect for God, family and elders good grades and academic achievement above all else. Health care for the children is important to her. She utilizes her health care insurance to makes sure they have all the infallible physicals, immunizations, eye and dental care recommended by their pediatrician. She has delayed her own routine health and dental care and screenings to meet work or family commitments. I explained to Lois that in a recent study a questionnaire was addicted at both men and women to evaluate family burdens domestic responsibilities the appraisal of work and family and values involved in work-family balance.The results of this study show that, in the turn over economic and cultural context, assuming family burdens and domestic responsibilities increases the positive appraisal of work and family (Cantera, Cubells, Martinez & Blanch, 2009). Lois sees her family as very healthy since there are no illnesses or major health crises but also sees how delaying her health care could straight affect the health status of the family. The children are active in sports, but Lois feels she has been neglecting herself by not getting the exercise she has been used to even though her weight remains consistent and within normal limits. The familys forage consists of all food groups and is appropriate for each childs addition needs. All the children are within their normal body mean index (BMI). Mealtimes are structured and usually occur at home, although she will have one or two nights a month afterwards church where the family eats out. I educated Lois regarding several studies that have investigated the eff ects of diet on the growth of fibroids. According to the subject area establish of Health (NIH), recent findings from a study of more than 22,000 African American women showed that women who consumed milk, cheese, ice cream, or other dairy products at least once a day were less(prenominal) likely to develop fibroids than were women who consumed dairy less frequently (National Institute of Health, 2013).Lois states one thing she makes sure she does is get plentiful rest she sleeps about 7 hours each night. If she feels she needs more rest, she goes to bed earlier. She doesnt drink alcohol, smoke tobacco, use illicit or recreational drugs, nor do any of the children engage in any of these practices. The main stressor the family is experiencing is the parent-adolescent relationship which Lois is aware is a normal developmental task that the family will progress through. Another area of stress Lois expressed is lack of knowledge related to treatments for uterine fibroids. She was giv en educational material from the NIH website factsheet on uterine fibroids and current studies and treatment options. Also Lois wanted information on current treatment options for teenagers with irregular menses.Lois was given information from the PebMed website on a study to root the effectiveness and acceptability of progestogens alone or in combination with oestrogens in the regulation of irregular menstrual bleeding. The study results state there is no consensus about which regimens are most effective and further research is needed (Hickey, M., Higham J.M., Fraser I. 2012). I encouraged her to follow up with Carmens doctor after the 6 month course of BCPs and then discuss her options. Lois was also given information on treatment options for eczema (Weston, 2011). I encouraged her to have the twins father apply the medication to them daily and if he wasnt able to adhere to the treatment schedule, she could have the twins apply their own ointment. The family handles stressors wel l overall family adaptation is appropriate and the family is meeting all the expected developmental task of this stage. See attachment for genogram.ReferencesCantera, L., Cubells, M., Martnez, L., & Blanch, J. (2009). Work,family, and gender Elements for a theory of work-family balance. The Spanish Journal Of Psychology, 12(2), 641-647. Edgar-Smith, S. E. (2010). Family relational values in the parent-adolescent relationship. Counseling & Values, 54(2), 187-200 Friedman, M. M., Bowden, V.R., & Jones, E. G. (2003). Family nursing Research, theory, and practice. (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Hickey, M., Higham J.M., Fraser I. (2012). Progestogens with or without oestrogen for irregular uterine bleeding associated with anovulation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 9. Art. nary(prenominal) CD001895. DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001895.pub3. National Institute of Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. (2013). Uterine fibroids. Retrieved from United States Government website http//report.nih.gov/nihfactsheets/ViewFactSheet.aspx?csid=50&key=UWeston, W.L., (2011). Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (eczema). http//www.uptodate.com/home/index.html.